Building Blocks

(1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is produced from the decarboxylation of benzyne. This compound has been shown to be a precursor of benzene and ozonolysis. The stereospecifically of (1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid has been determined using lead tetraacetate as the substrate. (1R,2S)-2-Phenylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is an asymmetric molecule.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Cabozantinib is a small molecule that is the first to target VEGFR-2, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of fibrosis. Cabozantinib inhibits the activity of VEGFR-2 by binding to its ATP-binding site and blocking the phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathways. Cabozantinib has been shown to have antifibrotic properties in both preclinical and clinical models. The drug candidate has been shown to reduce kidney fibrosis in animal models. The standard dose for cabozantinib was found to be 5 mg/kg, with a maximum tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg. In vitro studies have indicated that cabozantinib binds with high affinity to the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR-2, exhibiting competitive inhibition against other kinases such as PDGFR-beta and cKit, as well as diaryliodonium (a specific inhibitor). Caboz

Methyl 3-chloropropionate is an alkyl ether that has been used in clinical studies as a liquid phase ion-pair extraction solvent. It was developed to replace the use of hexane, which is not environmentally friendly and can also cause irritation. Methyl 3-chloropropionate has been shown to have a higher viscosity than hexane at room temperature and is less likely to evaporate than hexane. Methyl 3-chloropropionate has also been used as a synthetic process solvent, with the reaction time being shorter than that of hexane. This compound can be used for chromatography without any effect on the solute or the stationary phase. Methyl 3-chloropropionate has also been shown to be effective in lipase and agarose gel assays, as well as chloride ion extraction from water samples.

Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate is a synthetic compound that contains a hydroxyl group and two bromine atoms. It is synthesized by the reaction of diethyl succinate, hydrogen, and piperazine in an aqueous solution. Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate has been shown to have antineoplastic activity in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carbohydrate conjugates. It also binds to cell surface receptors on the epidermal cells, inhibiting their growth. The structural formula of methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate can be seen below: [[File:Methyltrans4bromobutanoate.png|thumb|300px|left|The structural formula of methyl trans-[4] -[bromo]-[2] -butenoate.]]

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone is a hydroxylated benzophenone that has immunomodulatory effects. It binds to the receptor in the immune system and can cause an increase in cytokine production. 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone is cytotoxic and has significant toxicity in vitro. The molecule has been shown to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. This may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with molecules on the mitochondrial membrane. 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone also modulates transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The drug is detectable at low levels by mass spectrometry and is not known to have any toxicological effects.END>>