Building Blocks

<p>Benzophenone imine is a metabolite that is produced during the metabolism of benzophenones. It was first synthesized in 1887 by the reaction of copper chloride and benzene-1,2-diamine. The reaction solution was purified by fractional crystallization to give crystals of benzophenone imine hydrochloride (benzophenamine) as a white solid. The x-ray crystal structures were determined for two different forms, one with the 5-hydroxy group in the para position relative to the imine and one with it in the meta position. Benzophenone imine is an amide that has been shown to bind to 5-HT2 receptors, which are found primarily on neurons in the central nervous system. This binding leads to an increase in serotonin levels and an inhibition of glutamate release from nerve terminals. This inhibition can lead to infectious diseases such as herpes zoster.</p>

<p>2,2'-Bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid is an algal metabolite that has been shown to have a glucose sensor function. It is synthesized by Chlorella and other green algae in response to light and high concentrations of glucose. This compound can be used as a linker for the immobilization of fluorescent probes or luminescent probes. It also has a catalytic subunit that can be used in oxidation reactions at low temperatures with chloride as the oxidant. 2,2'-Bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid is chemically stable and does not react with chloride or ligands. It can also be used as an oxidation catalyst for reactions at high temperatures.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-2,4-dichloropyrimidine is an aryl halide compound that is synthesized from 2,4-dichloropyrimidine and bromine. It has been shown to have inhibitory activities against cancer cells in vitro. 5-Bromo-2,4-dichloropyrimidine is used in the synthesis of the drug palbociclib (also known as PLX4720), which prevents mitotic progression by binding to the mitotic checkpoint protein (e.g., cyclin B). The reaction yield for this compound is low and its absorption enhancer properties are not well understood. 5-Bromo-2,4-dichloropyrimidine has also been used in conjunction with crotonic acid as a potential anticancer agent.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-7-azaindole is a nitrogen heterocycle that has shown promising anti-cancer properties. This compound is synthesized by the reaction of sodium azide and 5-bromo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in anhydrous conditions. 5-Bromo-7-azaindole displays significant cytotoxicity against human ovarian carcinoma cells in vivo and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by binding to ATP synthase. The anticancer activity of this compound is due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which are vital for cell division. 5-Bromo-7-azaindole also shows an increase in hydrogen bonding, which can be used to explain its structural analysis.</p>

<p>Vegetable, nutty and floral flavour/fragrance</p>

<p>Substrate of benzylamine oxidase and monoamine oxidase B</p>

<p>2,2'-Bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid is a molecule that has an acidic functional group. It has been found to have a molecular weight of 220.2 g/mol and is soluble in water at elevated temperatures. 2,2'-Bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid has been shown to be photoprocessable in the presence of sodium carbonate as a catalyst. The reaction rate can be increased by adding a diluent to the solution or by using linear models.</p>

<p>4-Benzyloxyindole is a serotonin receptor binding agent. It has a macrocyclic structure that is composed of four benzyloxy groups and a nitrogen atom in the center. The 4-benzyloxyindole binds to the serotonin receptors, specifically to those that are G-protein coupled and mediate intracellular signaling cascades. 4-Benzyloxyindole has been shown to be an inhibitor of calcium channels and may be used for treatment of diseases such as hypertension, schizophrenia, depression, migraine headaches, and epilepsy.</p>

<p>6-Benzyloxyindole is an isomer of indole with a kinetic, acidic, and synthetic process. It reacts with acetyl derivatives to form hydrogen bond and has binding activities. 6-Benzyloxyindole is an indole alkaloid that can be used as a biomimetic additive or in the synthesis of 5-methoxyindole which has been shown to inhibit the 5-ht4 receptor.</p>

<p>5-Benzylthio-1H-tetrazole is a tetrazole derivative that is used as a reactant in bioconjugate chemistry. This compound reacts with nucleophiles to form covalent bonds and can be immobilized on solid supports for use in stepwise synthesis of peptides or other molecules. 5-Benzylthio-1H-tetrazole also has the ability to bind to DNA and RNA, which makes it useful in the study of hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, this molecule has been shown to enhance the sensitivity of uv absorption measurements. Other uses include the development of model systems for chemical biology and the study of cellular processes.</p>

<p>5-Bromopyrimidine is a reactive intermediate that is used in the synthesis of 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid. It is a crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 164.5 g/mol and an empirical formula of C6H4BrN3O. 5-Bromopyrimidine has been shown to be nucleophilic, reacting with β-amino acids under basic conditions to form the corresponding 2-bromo amide. It also undergoes cross-coupling reactions with halides and can be used as a building block for other organic compounds. 5-Bromopyrimidine has optical properties that are characteristic of aromatic molecules, including strong absorption bands in the ultraviolet region and visible light region.</p>

<p>(R)-(-)-1,3-Butanediol is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols. It is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-1,3-butanediol. The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution. The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose. The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of 1,3-butanediol in a short time period.</p>

<p>Tert-butylisocyanate is a reactive chemical that contains a carboxylate group. It is an ester hydrochloride that can be synthesized by reacting trifluoroacetic acid with molybdenum trioxide. This compound has been studied using X-ray crystal structures and the intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction between two nitrogen atoms in the molecule. Tert-butylisocyanate is stable in solution because it does not react with water or alkalis, but does react with sodium carbonate, forming sodium cyanate and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. Tert-butylisocyanate reacts with inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid to form its corresponding salts. The chelate ligand of tert-butylisocyanate prevents it from reacting with transition metals such as copper and iron, but will react with zinc metal.</p>

<p>Intermediate in organic syntheses; pharmaceutical secondary standard</p>

<p>2,2-Diphenylpropionic acid is an ester of 2,2-diphenylpropanoyl chloride and a carboxylic acid. It is used as a local anesthetic. The electron distribution in the molecule includes one unpaired electron on the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxylic acid group. The thermodynamic stability of this molecule is due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid and ester moieties. This compound has anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, and spermatozoa effects that are due to its ability to inhibit acetylcholine release from neurons. 2,2-Diphenylpropionic acid has been shown to have acidic properties with an approximate pKa of 3.5.</p>

<p>2,2-Dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (FUROATE) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent that is structurally related to the furoate class of antibiotics. FUROATE has been shown to be effective against urothelial carcinoma cells and minimal toxic in animals. It binds to the fatty acid component of bacterial cell membranes and causes rapid lysis. FUROATE is used as an analytical reagent for the determination of hydroxyl groups in organic solutes. The detection limit of this test is 0.1 ppm. Monoclonal antibodies can be generated against FUROATE for use as diagnostic or therapeutic agents for infectious diseases, such as HIV infection.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>O-2-Propynylhydroxylamine hydrochloride is a ribosome-inactivating molecule that is used in the treatment of cancer. It binds to the amines on the ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death. The drug also has a favorable ph profile, which allows it to be administered intravenously. The glycosidic bond makes this drug difficult to metabolize, increasing its half-life in the body. O-2-Propynylhydroxylamine hydrochloride can be easily conjugated with other molecules for targeted delivery, making it an ideal candidate for treating cancers that are resistant to traditional chemotherapy drugs.</p>

<p>H-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-amine is a synthetic compound that has been shown to bind selectively to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). This binding inhibits PKA's ability to phosphorylate proteins, which plays a key role in regulating physiological functions such as cell growth and proliferation. H-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-amine has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and symptoms in mouse models by targeting amine receptors. The compound also inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by signaling through the kinase pathways that regulate mitosis. H-Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-amine is scalable and can be produced at high yields from inexpensive starting materials.</p>