Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Isopropylbenzonitrile (4IPB) is a reactive molecule that can be used to generate nitro radicals. It is a good candidate for the generation of nitro radicals because it has a redox potential that is near the center of the range encompassed by reactions with hydrogen peroxide. 4IPB also reacts with halogenated compounds, such as haloalkyls, which are efficient methods for generating nitro radicals. The reactivity of 4IPB can be demonstrated through assays using nitro and radical chain reactions. Hyperbolic plots of c1-6 alkyl and c1-4 alkyl in acidic media show that 4IPB is more reactive than other molecules in this class, such as mda-mb-231 cell and tyrosinase.

6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one is a test compound that has been shown to exhibit antidepressant properties in animal models of depression. It is a cyclic ketone that can be synthesized by the scalable method of reacting piperazine with acetyl chloride and diethyl malonate. 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one has been shown to produce a statistically significant increase in locomotor activity in mice, but not rats, suggesting its effects are mediated by central nervous system mechanisms. This compound also exhibits antinociceptive and anxiolytic properties in animals.

4-Chloro-N-(hydroxymethyl)benzamide is an electrophilic reactive compound. It can undergo biotransformation to the more reactive 4-chloro-N-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid, which has been shown to be mutagenic in bacteria and carcinogenic in rats. This compound reacts with hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form a reactive electrophile. 4-Chloro-N-(hydroxymethyl)benzamide also reacts with ethanethiol, which may be carcinogenic as well. This compound was incubated with glutathione, an antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, but it was not able to protect cells from the mutagenicity of this compound.

1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine is a purine derivative that has been shown to have anti-leishmanial activity. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Leishmania donovani infections in mice without causing any adverse effects on the host. The previous studies show that 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine inhibits the synthesis of purines, which are involved in nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis. This drug also appears to be more potent than other pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives because it targets ribonucleotide reductase. 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-amine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes and excreted as its metabolites in urine.