Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

N-Heptylformamide is a growth factor and an energy metabolism regulator that has been shown to affect platelet aggregation and human serum. It has been studied as a potential treatment for carcinoma cell lines in vitro assays. This compound also has neurotrophic effects, meaning it stimulates the growth and differentiation of nerve cells. N-Heptylformamide may be useful as a treatment for melanoma, since it induces the production of melanoma antigen by polymerase chain reaction. In vitro assays have shown that N-heptylformamide binds to protein kinase C (PKC) and inhibits PKC activity by preventing the phosphorylation of proteins.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Carbamothioyl-N-phenylacetamide is a basic compound that reacts with sodium hydroxide to form the corresponding amide. It is used in the synthesis of other compounds, including xanthine and caffeine. 2-Carbamothioyl-N-phenylacetamide can be prepared by reacting phenylacetic acid with thiourea in the presence of ethanol, followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide. The product can also be obtained by heating xanthine in aqueous solution with sodium hydroxide and ethanol. This reaction is shown in figure 1 below.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Isocyanoethylbenzene, also known as 2-IBAB, is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group and two isocyanate groups. It is used as a catalyst in hydrosilylation reactions to synthesize polymers such as polyurethanes. The reaction between 2-isocyanoethylbenzene and copper complex produces an imine that reacts with phosphite to form quinoline derivatives. These quinoline derivatives are then reacted with carboxylates to form ruthenium complexes, which catalyze the polymerization of deionized water. The polymerization initiator for this process is typically an organic peroxide or azide.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Cyclopropyl-3-methylthiourea (1CMTU) is an inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase and has been shown to regulate the levels of glutamate in the brain. It is an effective treatment for a number of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. 1CMTU inhibits the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is responsible for converting glutamate into GABA. This drug also prevents neuronal death by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating insulin sensitivity.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2H,3H,6H-[1,4]Dioxino[2,3-F]indole-7-carboxylic acid is an indole that reacts with electrophiles such as chlorine and bromine to form chloro and bromo derivatives. These derivatives can be used to produce a wide variety of compounds. The reactivity of this chemical is determined by the presence of electron withdrawing groups on the ring. When these groups are present, the compound is more reactive. This reactivity can be seen in the reaction with sodium hydroxide, which produces an alkoxide ion when reacted with 2H,3H,6H-[1,4]Dioxino[2,3-F]indole-7-carboxylic acid.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Benzofuran-2-carboximidamide hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in research to investigate the effects of serotonin on the central nervous system. It binds to the 5-HT1A receptor and inhibits serotonin uptake, preventing it from being broken down by neurons. This drug has also been shown to bind to 5-HT2C and D2 dopamine receptors, which may explain its ability to inhibit dopamine uptake. 1-Benzofuran-2-carboximidamide hydrochloride has been shown to have a high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and has been used in animal studies at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 40°C.

Tert-Butyl 2-hydroxypropanoate (TBHP) is a lactate compound that is synthesized in the vapor phase. It is a liquid at room temperature and has a molecular weight of 147. TBHP has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, which are due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress. TBHP also possesses potent antagonist activity against GABAA receptors, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the binding of GABA.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Methyl 3-bromofuran-2-carboxylate is a methoxylated furan that can be synthesized by the oxidation of methyl 2-bromofuran-2-carboxylate. It has a methoxyl group, which is a reactive functional group. With this reaction, it can be used to create other compounds. Furan rings are found in many natural and manmade molecules such as drugs and plastics. The graphs show that the reaction mechanism for furan carboxylic acid involves the removal of a proton from sulfuric acid, followed by an electrophilic addition by bromine to form methyl 3-bromofuran-2-carboxylate.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Hydroxy-4-methylhexanoic acid is a cyclic octapeptide with a hydroxyl group in the 3-position, which has been found to be an intermediate in penicillin biosynthesis. It was originally isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum and other fungi that produce penicillin. 3-Hydroxy-4-methylhexanoic acid can be synthesized by the condensation of L -alanine and succinic acid. The synthesis of this compound is an example of bioorganic chemistry, where organic compounds are synthesized using living organisms. 3-Hydroxy-4-methylhexanoic acid has a physicochemical property that allows it to be easily purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). This compound also has antibiotic activity against Gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold