Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Cyclohexylamine hydrochloride (CHA) is a cyclohexane ring with an amine group on the side. It is used as a metabolic rate indicator, which can be seen through optical sensors. The most common use of CHA is in bladder studies, where it is used to test the effect of various chemicals on the cells lining the bladder. CHA also has long-term toxicity and particle effects, which have been shown in animal studies. Cyclohexylamine hydrochloride may also have carcinogenic potential because it binds to fatty acid receptors, leading to increased uptake and tumor growth. Cyclohexylamine hydrochloride also has an effect on glucocorticoid receptors that can lead to toxic effects on the testes and ovaries. Cyclohexylamine hydrochloride has no known interactions with any other drugs or chemicals.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5,6-Dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine is an ester of sucralose. It is a sweetener that can be used in sweetner compositions or solvates. 5,6-Dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine is an intermediate in the synthesis of sucralose.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

2-(1,2-Oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid is a cell-permeable compound that induces death of cancer cells via apoptosis. It has been shown to be effective in vitro against mouse melanoma cells, as well as in vivo treatment of mice with xenografts of human melanoma cells. This drug activates caspase 3 by inhibiting the mitochondrial membrane potential and releasing cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol. 2-(1,2-Oxazol-5-yl)acetic acid also mediates apoptotic cell death by activating the chloride channel, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and voltage gated ion channels. In addition, it inhibits viral replication by inducing autophagic cell death and has tumoricidal effects when given to mice with established tumors. br>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

6-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one is a solute compound that has been used as a food additive. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. 6-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one is an inhibitor of enzymes such as beta-glucosidase and alpha amylase. It also has inhibitory properties against autoimmune diseases and bowel disease. Angelicae Dahuricae (AD) extract can be used as an alternative for 6HBO to treat leishmania infection. AD extract has synergistic antifungal activity with metal hydroxides or benzalkonium chloride when combined in vitro.

<p>1-Benzylbenzoimidazole is a benzimidazole derivative that inhibits the growth of fungi by inhibiting the production of mitochondrial membrane potential. It has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and reduce tumor size in vivo, which may be due to its ability to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. 1-Benzylbenzoimidazole also inhibits the synthesis of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and nitrogen atoms from nitric oxide, which may be due to its ability to bind with chlorine atoms. 1-Benzylbenzoimidazole is not active against bacteria or mammalian cells, but it does inhibit the growth of fungi by binding with hydrogen bonds at the fungal cell wall.</p>

4'-Chlorobutyrophenone is a chlorinated aromatic compound that is synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of anhydrous aluminum chloride with 4-chlorobenzene. This reaction requires palladium as a catalyst. The product of this reaction has been shown to be a high yield, selective, and inexpensive method for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. 4'-Chlorobutyrophenone may also be used in the synthesis of other organic compounds. The chloride group on the phenyl ring provides unsaturation, which can be used for further reactions such as alkylation or arylation.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Furan-2,4-dione is a hydroxylated furan derivative that is used as an antimicrobial agent. It has a high degree of resistance to hydrochloric acid and human serum. Furan-2,4-dione reacts with the thiol groups on the mitochondrial membrane potential to create a disulfide bond, which leads to depolarization of the mitochondria and cell death. Furan-2,4-dione also inhibits tetronic acid dehydrogenase and tetronic acid reductase enzymes in cancer cells, leading to inhibition of tumor growth. The structure of furan-2,4-dione consists of a bicyclic heterocycle with basic properties.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-nitro-2-pyridone is a synthetic molecule that can be synthesized from dipropylamine and ethanolamine, two commercially available compounds. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the most common bacteria that causes tuberculosis, in a metal ion sensor system. 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-nitro-2-pyridone also inhibits the synthesis of protein, DNA and RNA by binding to amines. This compound is irradiated with lithium metal and emits an infrared frequency shift.</p>

7-Bromo-2-methylquinoline is a heterocyclic compound that is selectively activated by protonation. The reaction involves the formation of a carbocation at the carbon atom adjacent to the bromine atom. This intermediate is then attacked by an electrophile, such as an alcohol or a carboxylic acid. The reaction proceeds via an S2 mechanism and can be accelerated by using certain metals as catalysts, such as copper and palladium. 7-Bromo-2-methylquinoline has been used in cross coupling reactions with various arenes to form c–h bonds and halides, which have been analysed through mass spectroscopy.

<p>1-Phenyl-1λ⁵-phospholan-1-one is a reagent that is used in organic synthesis to generate carbon-carbon bonds. This reagent can be activated with phosphorus and rearranged to form new carbon-carbon bonds. It can also be used as an electron donor, which enables it to activate other molecules, such as phosphines, phenyl borane, and hydrocarbons. 1-Phenyl-1λ⁵-phospholan-1-one is a stereoselective reagent that produces only one enantiomer of the product in high yields. It can be used to synthesize analogues of carbons and triaryl compounds.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>4-Aminobenzene-1,2-diol hydrochloride (4ABAH) is a cox-2 inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit the activity of human cell factor and x-ray diffraction data. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. The prodrug ester hydrochloride is converted to 4ABAH in vivo and undergoes hydrolysis by esterases to release 4ABAH. This conversion may be limited by the rate constant, which may decrease with time due to enzyme inactivation or competition with other substrates. 4ABAH inhibits cell proliferation in carcinoma cell lines, but not in normal cells. The drug is water soluble and therefore can be administered orally or intravenously.</p>

<p>9-Azabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-10-one is a lactam that can be synthesized by reacting diisopropyl with β-amino acid. 9-Azabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-10-one has been shown to have high enantioselectivity and enantiopurity, which is due to the use of a chiral catalyst in the synthesis process. This compound is also an intermediate for the synthesis of β-lactams such as penicillin, cephalosporin, and carbapenem antibiotics, which are used to treat bacterial infections. The enzymes in these β-lactams are inhibited by binding to their active site, preventing them from breaking down peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>2-Bromobenzaldehyde (2BA) is a reactive chemical that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of many other chemicals. It is also an efficient catalyst for reactions such as the reduction of amines to amides, and the conversion of nitroarenes to amines. 2BA has been shown to be cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo against human cancer cell lines when attached to magnetic nanoparticles and immobilized on different surfaces. The cytotoxic activity of 2BA was analyzed by using intramolecular cycloaddition reactions with electron-deficient olefins, which led to valuable insights into the mechanism of this reaction.</p>