Building Blocks

2-Bromo-4-tert-butyl-1-methyl-benzene (2BTMB) is a congener of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It is an oily liquid that is insoluble in water. 2BTMB is metabolized by the liver, and has been found in the blood, adipose tissue, and eggs of salmonids. 2BTMB has shown to have physicochemical properties that are similar to other PCB congeners. The toxicity of 2BTMB is largely unknown because it has not been extensively studied. 2BTMB can magnify up the food chain through bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-[3-(Propan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetic acid is a chemical compound that is used as an additive in benzene, and is a phytotoxic chemical. It prevents the formation of chlorophyll by blocking electron transport and inhibiting photosynthesis. 2-[3-(Propan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetic acid is used to induce callus tissue from lettuce, radish, and other plants. This compound also inhibits the growth of various bacteria including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1-Chloro-4-isocyanobenzene (1CI) is an organic compound that has been used as a chemical probe for the detection of amines and other molecules on metal surfaces. The frequency shift in Raman spectra, which is observed after the addition of 1CI to the metal surface, is used to detect amines. 1CI has also been shown to be a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial function. This molecule binds to nucleophilic sites on metal surfaces and forms covalent bonds with them, leading to a high degree of inhibition.
1CI can be synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials and is relatively easy to purify.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-ol is a racemic mixture of two compounds with the same molecular formula. The two enantiomers have different chemical properties and can be separated by specific techniques such as chromatography. 2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-ol is an ether that is made from methylmalonic acid and ethylene oxide. It is hydrolysed to release methylmalonyl chloride or demethylated to produce methyl ether acetate. This compound has been used in the synthesis of various esters and sesquiterpenoids.

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1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.