Alcohols

PEP is a "high-energy phosphate" compound playing a vital role in enzymatic phosphate-transfer reactions involved in ATP synthesis. It is used in conjunction with pyruvate kinase as a phosphorylating agent for ATP generation. Substrate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Reagent for determination of glycerol.

2-Mercaptoethanol, also known as β-mercaptoethanol or β-ME, is a disulfide reducing agent used in the reduction of disulfide bridges in proteins. β-ME is conveniently inexpensive, water-soluble and must be used in excess in order to drive the reduction to completion.

3-Chloro-4-methylbenzyl alcohol is a building block chemical that is used in the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. It is a versatile chemical that can be used as a reagent, reaction component, and intermediate. 3-Chloro-4-methylbenzyl alcohol has been found to be useful in the synthesis of complex compounds, such as 4-chloromethoxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid. This chemical can also be used to produce speciality chemicals, such as 3-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethyl)benzonitrile.

O-Fluorobenzyl alcohol is a compound with the chemical formula of C6H5FO. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor and tastes like ether. This compound is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone. O-Fluorobenzyl alcohol has been used as an analytical reagent for the determination of protonated molecules such as phenols or carbohydrates. It also has cytotoxic properties, which have been shown to be effective against cancer cells. O-Fluorobenzyl alcohol acts as a γ-secretase inhibitor by binding to the catalytic site of the enzyme, preventing proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and subsequent production of amyloid β peptide (Aβ).

20S-Protopanaxatriol is a drug that has been shown to have anticancer effects in human HL60 cells. It inhibits the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8. 20S-protopanaxatriol also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity. The drug may also be used for the treatment of chronic inflammation, arthritis, and other diseases related to TLR4 activation. This compound is an active ingredient found in ginseng and ginsenosides. These natural compounds are thought to work by binding to a response element on DNA and regulating the transcription of genes involved in immune responses or cell growth.

3β,22E)-29-Fluorostigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol is a plant growth regulator that belongs to the group of fatty alcohols. It is found in the horticultural and tissue culture industries and is used as an additive in bioassays. 3β,22E)-29-Fluorostigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol enhances the growth rate of nematodes and has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of benzoate degradation. This compound also has hormone effects that are similar to those of furostanols or steroids.

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4-Benzyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (BTT) is a molecule that belongs to the class of thiourea derivatives. It has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in animal models and has shown promising results for the treatment of human inflammatory diseases. BTT is a thiol which can reversibly bind to proteins by forming a covalent bond with the sulfur atom. This interaction inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα by inhibiting NFκB activation. The functional theory for BTT is based on its ability to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting lipid peroxidation induced by ROS. In addition, BTT may suppress inflammation through inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

4,5-Diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol is a thione that has potent antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria. It is also used as a building block in the synthesis of polymers for medical use and other applications. 4,5-Diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol has been shown to be photostable in the presence of oxygen. It is not active against Gram negative bacteria and does not show any effect on coccidiosis or cancer. 4,5-Diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol has been shown to have a potent inhibitory effect on human adenocarcinoma cells (A549) at concentrations of 0.25 mM and higher.

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Sodium benzyloxide is an alkanoic acid with the chemical formula CH3C6H2O2. It is used as a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in the synthesis of bicyclic heterocycles. It is also used in asymmetric synthesis and as a substrate for enzyme inhibitors. Sodium benzyloxide has been shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus by preventing viral replication and inducing apoptosis.

2-Diethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride is a chemical compound that is used in analytical chemistry as a stationary phase for thin layer chromatography. Sephadex G-100 was developed by Pharmacia & Upjohn Company and marketed in the 1970s. It has been shown to be useful in plasma mass spectrometry experiments, which measure the molecular weight of proteins and other compounds. The solubility of 2-diethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride has been studied using experimental solubility data, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and amines. The reaction mechanism of 2-diethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride is not well understood but it appears to involve potassium dichromate, hydrochloric acid, fluoroacetic acid, benzalkonium chloride and other chemicals.

3-Quinuclidinol HCl is a cholinergic drug that inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This action prevents the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which causes an increase in its concentration in the synaptic cleft. 3-Quinuclidinol HCl has been shown to have a dose-dependent effect on increasing acetylcholine levels, which is believed to be due to its ability to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase. In addition, this drug has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties that are consistent with those of other cholinergic drugs. 3-Quinuclidinol HCl also interacts with other substances and can block nicotinic receptors at high doses.

Triethanolamine hydrochloride, widely known as TEA-HCl, is a buffer used in biochemistry to maintain a stable pH in the range of 7.3 to 8.3 during processes like protein extraction and purification. They are also used in enzyme assays.

Phenoxy-terminated carbonate oligomer of tetrabispHenol A (PCO-TBA) is a chemical that has been used as an additive in the food industry. It is a colorless, odorless solid. PCO-TBA has been shown to be toxic to humans by causing organ damage and cancer. The toxicity of PCO-TBA may be due to its ability to form polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins or biphenyls when heated at high temperatures. PCO-TBA also reacts with human serum, forming diphenyl ethers. This chemical is a potential carcinogen and, although used as a food additive, should not be consumed on a regular basis.

2-Iodophenyl)(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)methanone is a high quality reagent that can be used as a useful intermediate and building block in the synthesis of complex compounds.

2-Dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate salt is a potent, reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis that binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used in regulatory toxicology and clinical pathology as a positive control for the study of chronic toxicity and long-term effects. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate salt has shown no treatment effect on ovary weight or estrous cycle length in female Sprague-Dawley rats after chronic exposure and long-term exposure at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day. This drug has also shown no effect on rat fertility or reproductive performance, indicating it does not cause reproductive toxicity.