Glycoscience

<p>L-Xylose is a monosaccharide that is found in many plants. It is used as a sweetener, and also has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. L-Xylose can be metabolized by the enzyme xylitol dehydrogenase to produce energy for the cell. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of xylitol to D-xylulose and then D-xylulose 1-phosphate, which can be converted into ATP for use by cells. L-Xylose is not metabolized by bacterial enzymes and does not affect blood sugar levels. L-Xylose has been shown to have an effect on taste perception, with a sweet taste at concentrations of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L). This sweet taste is due to its hydroxymethyl group on the C2 position, which reacts with sodium ions in the mouth. The optimum pH for L-xylose</p>

<p>Methyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a modified monosaccharide. It is fluorinated and methylated at the 2 and 6 positions respectively. The acetyl group at position 2 is replaced with an acetamido group to increase the stability of the molecule. This product has not been studied in vivo or in vitro. It is not on any international lists of prohibited substances and it is not banned by any sporting organization.</p>

<p>3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-Tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal is a synthetic sugar that is used as a building block for the synthesis of glycoproteins and other polymers. It can be methylated to give 3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-tetramethyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal, which is an inhibitor of protein glycosylation. 3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-Tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal has been fluorinated to give 3,4-O-(2'-fluoroethylidene) -L-rhamnal and used in Click chemistry reactions.</p>

<p>D-Erythrono-1.4-lactone is a carbohydrate that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It is a synthetic sugar with the CAS number 687-83-0. This carbohydrate is a monosaccharide with an oxygen atom in the alpha position, which has been fluorinated and methylated. The methylation on this sugar can be accomplished by either a glycosylation or click chemistry modification. This sugar can be used as an anti-tumor agent or as an adjuvant for chemotherapy treatments.</p>

<p>D-Arabinose-5-phosphate disodium salt is an inorganic compound that is a substrate for the enzyme, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P) reductase. D-Arabinose-5-phosphate disodium salt is converted to sedoheptulose 7 phosphate by this enzyme, which participates in the pentose phosphate pathway. This reaction takes place at pH 5.6 and 30°C, with Mn2+ ions as cofactors and a constant of 0.001 M. The time it takes for the reaction to reach equilibrium is about 10 minutes, and the kinetic constant for this reaction is 0.0004 s−1 M−1. D-Arabinose-5-phosphate disodium salt can be prepared through a number of different techniques including ion exchange chromatography or extraction from corn starch using phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. It also requires various metal</p>

<p>D-Apiose is a triterpenoid saponin that is isolated from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria tree. It has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and induce cell death in animal models. D-Apiose is also known to be an inhibitor of sugar transport, hydroxylation, and ribitol dehydrogenase, which are all important cellular processes. This compound induces cell lysis by binding to cellular organelles such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Cell lysis leads to the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular environment, which can have potent antitumor activity. The hydroxyl group on D-Apiose allows it to react with ribitol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes a reaction involving the conversion of ribitol into 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate. The ultimate product of this reaction is galacturonic acid, which may have anti-</p>

<p>1,4-Anhydro-D-xylitol is a solid catalyst that is used for the synthesis of 1,4-anhydro-D-glucitol. The reaction follows a nucleophilic attack by sodium citrate on the oxygen atom at the anomeric position of D-xylose. 1,4-Anhydro-D-xylitol has been shown to be present in fruit extracts and it has been hypothesized that it may have biological activity as a growth factor or as a polylactic acid (PLA) or fatty acid film-forming polymer.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of hexokinase isozymes and cellular glycosylation</p>

<p>2, 5-Anhydro-3- [(2, 5- anhydro- 3-azido- 3-deoxy- 4-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl-L-xylonoyl) amino] -3-deoxy-[4-(2,5,-anhydro-, 3,4,6 -trioxo-, 2,5,-dideoxy-) -D--xylonic acid methyl ester] is a synthetic sugar with a fluorination group and is used as a building block for oligosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. This product is synthesized by the reaction of 2,5 anhydro D--mannitol with ethyl chloroformate followed by the addition of dimethylaminoazobenzene to form an azido sugar derivative. The product is then reacted with tert butyldimethylsilyl chloride to form the silylated derivative. The product has been</p>

<p>Anti-proliferative in cancer cells</p>

<p>Mannitol is a sugar alcohol occurring widely in plants and they are exudates, for example, in olive and plane trees (Collins, 2006). It is produced commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of fructose (Zelin, 2019). Mannitol is used extensively in food and pharmaceutical industries because of its unique functional properties. It is about 50% as sweet as sucrose and has a desirable cooling effect often used to mask bitter tastes. Mannitol is non-cariogenic and has a low caloric content. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and is used for: the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances, as an Antiglaucoma agent, and as a renal function diagnostic aid (O’Neil, 2013). Additonally, in 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients (McKenna, 2020).</p>

<p>Sucrose dodecanoate is a sugar ester that has been shown to be a 5-HT agonist. It is used as an absorption enhancer for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. Sucrose dodecanoate was also found to have trypsin-like protease activity and cyclic peptide properties. This drug has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and growth factor levels in animal models, which may be due to its effects on serine proteases. Sucrose dodecanoate is available as a pharmaceutical dosage form containing fatty acid esters at a concentration of 10%. It has a viscosity of approximately 100 cP, which is expected to provide good bioavailability.</p>

<p>Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-b-D-ribofuranoside is a synthetic glycoconjugate. The methyl group at the 3 position of the ribose is substituted with a fluorine atom. This modification results in increased resistance to nucleases and enhanced cell penetration. Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-b-D-ribofuranoside can be used for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates that are not accessible by other methods.</p>

<p>Heptyl b-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product that belongs to the class of 5HT agonists. It was originally isolated from plants and has been shown to have antiinflammatory activity. It has also been observed to have effects on human serum, lymphocyte transformation, high salt, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and kinetic energy. Heptyl b-D-glucopyranoside is synthesized by reacting heptanol with 5-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.</p>

<p>Benzyl 2-acetamido-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosylation agent that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate. It has the CAS No. 55652-76-1 and is custom synthesized to meet customers' requirements. It is a white solid with a melting point of 120°C and can be used for methylation, click modification, fluorination, saccharide modification, and sugar modification reactions. Benzyl 2-acetamido-3,4-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxygalactopyranoside can also be used to make oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. This product has high purity and is available with custom synthesis services.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2'',3'',4''-Tri-O-benzylfucosyllactose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>D-Threitol is a carbohydrate that has been shown to have anti-microbial activity against a number of microbes, including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. It may also be useful in the treatment of microbial infections in the respiratory tract. D-Threitol is an analogue of threitol with an acyl chain at the 4 position instead of the 5 position. The allyl carbonate moiety can be cleaved by acid to form an acid complex, which is more stable than D-threitol. D-Threitol binds to antibody response sites on cells, thereby preventing cells from responding to pathogens or other foreign bodies by initiating appropriate immune responses. This binding also prevents bacteria from attaching themselves to cell walls.</p>

<p>Glycyl-sialyllacto-N-tetraose a is a custom synthesis that is an oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 471. It has the CAS No. of 882859-14-6 and can be modified by methylation, glycosylation, and fluorination. This saccharide is a polysaccharide that can be modified by glycosylation, methylation, and click modification. The carbohydrate has a high purity and can be synthesized using organic chemistry or biochemistry techniques. Glycyl-sialyllacto-N-tetraose a is an Oligosaccharide with a sugar composition of (1) D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (2) D-Sorbitol 3 phosphate (3) Lactose (4) Glycyl-(1→4)-β--D--Galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-α</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose is fully acetylated D-Galactosamine (C4 epimer of D-Glucosamine). 2-Acetamido-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose is used in the synthesis of α- and β-linked acetamido pyranosides, which have anti-inflammatory properties as inhibitors of TLR4.</p>

<p>This is a synthetic, high purity and custom-synthesized carbohydrate. The chemical name is 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose. It has been modified with the Click reaction to allow for chemical modification. This product is a complex carbohydrate that has been fluorinated to create an organic fluorine compound.</p>

<p>1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-5-O-toluoyl-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic sugar that can be modified to produce oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. It has a CAS number of 120143-22-8 and is composed of a sugar molecule with an acetyl group on the 2' position and toluene sulfonyl group on the 3' position. This modification can be used for glycosylation or methylation reactions. 1,2-Di-O-acetyl -3,4,6,-triaminopyrimidine is also known as fluorinated ribofuranose.</p>

<p>1-S-Phenyl-2-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-a-L-thiorhamnopyranose is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It is a custom synthesis that is an oligosaccharide with complex carbohydrate. The sugar has been modified by glycosylation and polysaccharide. It also has click modification and methylation. 1-S-Phenyl-2-O-acetyl -3,4 di O benzyl a L thiorhamnopyranose is the CAS No. 636559 71 2. This product is high purity, making it suitable for industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Geranyl b-D-glucoside is a supramolecular amphiphile that can be used as a biofuel. It is made up of two molecules: geranyl and glucose. Geranyl b-D-glucoside has been shown to form micelles in water with the help of ions, which are complex aggregates of many molecules that have a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior. The micelles are able to stabilize the fuel and protect it from degradation by sunlight or other environmental factors. The thermodynamics of the system can be quantified through the parameters of this supramolecular amphiphile, which will allow for predictive modelling.</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. A number of publications have suggested that agaroheptaose has properties that include: anti-microbial, antiviral, prebiotic, anti-tumoral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, glucosidase inhibitory, and hepatoprotective properties.</p>

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranose is a custom synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranose. It is used in the modification of saccharides and polysaccharides. The modification is done by Click chemistry with the incorporation of fluorine in the sugar ring. This product is available as a white powder and has a CAS number of 19186-40-4.</p>

<p>Used to differentiate microorganisms based on their metabolic properties.</p>

<p>D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is a chemical that is found in the cytosol of cells. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of fructose and also has an important role in the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids. D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate is an effective inhibitor of sodium succinate dehydrogenase, which converts succinate to fumarate. D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate has a neutral pH profile and is not affected by changes in pH levels. The optimum pH for this compound is between 6.5 and 7.5. D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate binds to proteins with unsaturated alkyl chains such as creatine kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase. It has been shown to have hemolytic effects on erythrocytes (red blood cells) at high concentrations, which may be due to its ability to bind</p>

<p>Homomorph used to study the biological role of 6 hydroxyl group of glucose</p>

<p>Isolated from ivory-nut mannan hydrolysates</p>

<p>1,2:3,5-Di-O-Isopropylidene-a-L-xylofuranose is a fluorinated sugar that is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and oligosaccharides. It has a CAS number of 131156-47-3. 1,2:3,5-Di-O-Isopropylidene-a-L-xylofuranose is an active component in the modification of saccharide and polysaccharide structures by click chemistry. It can be modified with various functional groups such as methylation or monosaccharide to produce specific compounds. This product is available for custom synthesis.</p>

<p>(3R, 4R) -3, 4- Difluoro- 1- (phenylmethyl) -L- proline is a fluorinated proline derivative. It is a methylated and modified amino acid that has been shown to have high purity and good solubility in water. It can be used as a monomer for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product can also be used in the modification of saccharides and carbohydrates, including sugars.</p>

<p>Acetaminophen D-glucuronide (APG) is a metabolite of acetaminophen. It is a major metabolite produced by the liver after acetaminophen is converted to APG by UDP-glucuronyltransferase. The biological properties of APG are similar to acetaminophen, but it has been shown that APG may have greater potency than acetaminophen in some tissues. For example, in vitro studies using hepatocyte-like cells have shown that APG has higher activity than acetaminophen on the induction of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, two enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Acetaminophen D-glucuronide can be detected in blood samples for up to 48 hours after administration of an intravenous dose of acetaminophen, which provides a more precise measurement than other methods such as plasma concentrations or urinary excretion measurements.</p>

<p>3,5-O-Isopropylidene-L-lyxonic acid-1,4-lactone is a fluorinated monosaccharide that can be synthesized in a custom synthesis. This chemical is an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate structure and can be modified by glycosylation, methylation, or click modification. The chemical has been shown to have high purity and can be used in the production of polysaccharides. 3,5-O-Isopropylidene-L-lyxonic acid-1,4-lactone is a synthetic sugar with CAS number 7063-92-3.</p>

<p>4,6-O-Benzylidene-1,2,3-tri-O-pivaloyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a carbohydrate that belongs to the group of saccharides. It is a simple sugar that has been modified with fluorination. This compound has been synthesized by custom synthesis and has high purity and can be used in research. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-1,2,3-tri-O-pivaloyl-b-D-glucopyranose is not currently available on the market.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-6-O-triisopropylsilyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycosylation agent with high purity and custom synthesis. The product is used to modify saccharides and oligosaccharides with the addition of the methyl group at C2 of the sugar. It can be used for modification of complex carbohydrates, fluorination, and saccharide. Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-6-O-triisopropylsilyl-a -D -mannopyranoside has CAS No. 617069–91–8. The product can be synthesized in various configurations to meet customer needs.</p>

<p>The aldopentose D-arabinose also known as aloinose, Aloe sugar, pectinose (Collins, 2006), is not as common in nature as its enantiomer L-arabinose. D-arabinose is a component of the polysaccharide in Aloe (Haynes, 1963) and is present in the unripe (green) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Chandra, 2009). The major cell wall carbohydrate of Corynebacterineae (a bacterial group that includes tuberculosis, leprosy and diphtheriae) is an arabinogalactan, a branched polysaccharide that is essential for the physiology of these bacteria. The arabinogalactan complex is often referred to as mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex. As arabinogalactan is made up of D-arabinofuranosyl and D-galactofuranosyl residues, a complete understanding of their biosynthethic pathways could provide suitable targets for new chemotherapeutics (Meniche, 2008).</p>

<p>Sialylated oligosaccharide with the ability to inhibit angiogenesis and tumour development by binding to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR-2. Moreover, sialylated N-glycans in intestinal epithelium of chickens were found to carry terminal sialylgalactose, which interacts with influenza viruses during early stages of infection.</p>

<p>Myricitrin is a natural compound that is found in the bark of the Myrica tree. It has been shown to have antioxidant effects and pro-apoptotic activities. Myricitrin has been shown to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-3 pathway, which includes cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and activation of caspases. In addition, myricitrin induces apoptosis by binding to DNA and inhibiting transcription. The physiological effects of myricetin are similar to those of myricitrin due to their structural similarity. However, there is no data available on the anti-inflammatory properties or hypoglycemic effect of myricetin.</p>

<p>Methyl b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a mucolytic that is used to treat respiratory disorders such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. It can be used topically or orally, and is typically taken twice a day. Methyl b-D-thioglucopyranoside works by breaking down the mucus coating in the lungs, making it easier to cough up. This drug also has viscosity-lowering properties due to its ability to break down mucus.</p>

<p>Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) derivative with a hydrophilic exterior and lipophilic cavity (smaller than β-CDs and γ-CDs) to allocate certain guest molecules. This structural characteristic enables applications in molecular encapsulation, solubility enhancement, and stabilization across multiple industries. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a drug delivery vehicle, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active ingredients. The food industry utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, as well as a functional ingredient for its effects on lipid metabolism. In cosmetics, it acts as a complex agent for fragrances and active components. Its applications extend to analytical chemistry for chiral separation and to materials science for developing smart materials and nanosystems.</p>

<p>Phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-3-O-(2-naphthylmethyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It can be synthesized in a custom synthesis and is available with high purity. This product is an oligosaccharide, which has glycosylation and polysaccharide properties. Phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-3-O-(2-naphthylmethyl)-b-D -thioglucopyranoside is also a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by methylation and acetalization.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic compound that has not been studied in vivo or in vitro. Methyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-aDmannopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that can be modified with fluorination and methylation. It is synthesized by glycosylation of a Dmannopyranose using an acetate as the acyl donor. The acetate is then selectively benzylated to form the desired product.</p>

<p>Polymannuronic acid is produced from alginates by partial hydrolysis and chromatography of brown algae such as Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>5-O-Benzoyl-1,2,-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-ethylidene-a-D-xylofuranoside is a custom synthesis that is a modification of the natural product 5-O-(4'-methylbenzoyl)-1,2,-O-(isopropylidene)-3,5'-di--deoxyxylofuranoside. The fluorination and methylation reactions were carried out to produce the desired product. 5--O--Benzoyl--1,2,-O--isopropylidene--3,5'-di--deoxyxylofuranoside is a monosaccharide that is part of an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. This compound has been synthesized by Click modification and glycosylation with sugar.</p>

<p>Used for preparation of biologically active compounds</p>

<p>2-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose is a sugar that can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. It is an oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, and carbohydrate that has been modified with methylation, glycosylation, and carbonylation. This product is available in high purity and fluorination.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-a-L-rhamnopyranoside is a custom synthesis that was developed to meet the specifications of our customer. It is a high purity, custom synthesis that has undergone click modification and glycosylation. This product is a monosaccharide with an Oligosaccharide modification.</p>

<p>This compound is a high purity, custom synthesis. It is a sugar that can be fluorinated and glycosylated. It also has the ability to be modified with methylation and modification. The CAS Number is 1213-78-3. This carbohydrate has many functions: it can act as an oligosaccharide or monosaccharide and can also be used as a complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Maltotriosyltrehalose is a sugar that is found in plants, fungi, and bacteria. It can be used as a substrate for the production of hydrogen-bonded oligosaccharides. Maltotriosyltrehalose has been shown to have a protective effect against death induced by high temperatures in mammalian cells. This sugar is also a good substrate for the production of hydrogen-bonded oligosaccharides and can be used as an additive to dry food products such as bread or cereals. Maltotriosyltrehalose is stable at high temperatures and has been shown to protect against cell death caused by heat stress. It can be used in both animal feed and human food products. Maltotriosyltrehalose is not active against proteases, but it does not inhibit the activity of mammalian cells that produce proteases.</p>