Glycoscience

<p>3,6-Dideoxy-3,6-imino-4,5-O-isopropylidene-D-mannitol is a complex carbohydrate that is a sugar. It is an oligosaccharide and has CAS No. 123725-27-8. 3,6-Dideoxy-3,6-imino-4,5-O-isopropylidene D mannitol is a saccharide and it can be modified with methylation or glycosylation. 3,6-Dideoxy D mannitol can be fluorinated in the presence of elemental fluorine to produce 3,6 difluoro 2,5 dihydroxyhexanoic acid. 3,6 Dideoxy D mannitol is synthesized from 2 acetylacetone and tetrachloroethanol as starting materials.</p>

<p>1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic sugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a high purity product with a purity of &gt;99% by weight. This product is also available as a custom synthesis.</p>

<p>1-Methyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-1-N-dehydroDribitol (LMDDR) is an oligosaccharide that can be synthesized by the modification of dideoxyribitol. LMDDR is a complex carbohydrate with a sugar chain and has a CAS number of 909703-52-2. This monosaccharide can be fluorinated to form 1-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-O-[(trifluoromethyl)methylidene]-1,4dideoxy -1,4imino -Dribitol (TFMDDR). TFMDDR has been shown to have higher purity and better stability than LMDDR.</p>

<p>Beta-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide with 7 D-glucose residues which are alpha-1,4-linked. beta-cyclodextrin is used in the food industry to encapsulate flavours and fragrances. Beta-cyclodextrin can increase the water solubility of compounds, such as curcumin; further, the cyclodextrin-curcumin complex also allows for a controlled, sustainable release in a wound healing study.</p>

<p>1-Deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-6-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl-D-tagatose (1DOP) is a carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a synthetic monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorine and methyl groups to increase its stability. 1DOP can be reacted with other sugars like glucose or mannose to form glycosidic linkages. The resulting product is called an oligosaccharide, which can then be further modified by adding more sugar residues to form a polysaccharide.</p>

<p>Gycosaminoglycan in many organs; joint lubricant and shock absorber</p>

<p>Isolated from ivory-nut mannan hydrolysates</p>

<p>a-D-Glucuronic acid-1-phosphate is a substrate for alkaline phosphatase. It hydrolyzes phosphate esters and modifies inorganic phosphate, including pyrophosphate. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleotide monophosphates such as NADPH and UDPglucose to their respective diphosphates. This enzyme is not inhibited by inorganic phosphate, phosphatase, NADP+, or UDP-.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been modified by fluorination and methylation. It is used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. This product has a CAS number of 224778-57-8 and can be custom synthesized to meet your specifications.</p>

<p>Propofol-4-Hydroxy-1-D-glucuronide is a modification of propofol, which is commonly used as an intravenous anesthetic. It is a synthetic compound that can be custom synthesized by adding the sugar group to propofol. Propofol-4-Hydroxy-1-D-glucuronide has been shown to be a high purity and pure oligosaccharide with a CAS number. It also contains methylated and glycosylated saccharides.</p>

<p>Starch consists of two polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin and represents approximately 20-25% of the total polysaccharide content in starch. Amylose molecules consist of single mostly unbranched chains of 500-20,000 α-(1-&gt;4)-D-glucose residues dependent on source (e.g. wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, etc). Amylose can form an extended shape (hydrodynamic radius 7-22 nm) but generally tends to wind up into a rather stiff left-handed single helix or form even stiffer parallel left-handed double helical junction zones. Hydrogen bonding between aligned chains causes retrogradation and releases some of the bound water (syneresis). The aligned chains may then form double stranded crystallites that are resistant to amylases. These possess extensive inter- and intra-strand hydrogen bonding, resulting in a fairly hydrophobic structure of low solubility. The amylose content of starches is thus the major cause of resistant starch formation.</p>

<p>GDP-D-galactose is a sugar nucleotide that is an intermediate in the synthesis of GDP-D-mannose. It is synthesized from D-galactose by the enzyme galactokinase, which converts D-galactose to D-galacturonate. GDP-D-galactose can then be converted to GDP-D-mannose by the enzyme GDP mannokinase. The incorporation of GDP into macromolecules is a process that can be used as a marker for biosynthesis and has been shown in Gracilaria sp.</p>

<p>Anhydro maltose found in the pyrolysis products of cellulose</p>

<p>Glycosyl-donor for syntheses of N-acetylgalactosamine-glycoconjugates</p>

<p>2,5-Anhydro-6-azido-3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexonic acid methyl ester (ADAEM) is a modified sugar that can be used as a building block for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. ADAEM is a monosaccharide with six hydroxyl groups. This modification of the sugar molecule prevents it from participating in glycosidic bond formation. ADAEM has been shown to be resistant to enzymatic degradation and has high purity. It is also stable at high temperatures and pH ranges.</p>

<p>Ulvans are structural polysaccharides present in the cell walls of green algae such as Ulva armoricana, Ulva rotondata, Ulva rigida, Ulva lacterca and Ulva pertusa. They are highly sulphated and contain rhamnose 3-sulphate, xylose, xylose 2-sulphate, glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.  Ulvan has several potentially valuable functionalities such as gel formation for agricultural and food applications. It has also an anticoagulant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antitumor activities that are attractive for pharmaceutical applications.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>D-Sorbose is a monosaccharide that belongs to the group of sugar alcohols. It is a reducing sugar that can be used as an alternative for sugar in food and pharmaceutical industries. D-Sorbose has been shown to have potential industrial applications due to its high solubility, low melting point, and resistance to crystallization. The enzyme ribitol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli was found to be active with D-sorbitol, but not with l-sorbitol. This indicates that D-sorbitol is a better substrate for this enzyme than L-sorbitol.</p>

<p>1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-benzoyl-D-galactofuranose is a sugar that is custom synthesized and can be modified with fluorination. This product has a CAS number of 138811-45-7 and is high purity. It can be used in glycosylation, oligosaccharide synthesis, methylation, monosaccharide synthesis and polysaccharide synthesis. It is an important building block for the modification of complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Ivory nut mannan occurs in members of the custard apple, ebony and palm families - Ivory nut. The polysaccharide contains more than 95% mannose units linked β-(1,4) with a few a-D-galactopyranosyl units linked (1,6). It is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals paints and explosives.</p>

<p>Glycosylation is a process that attaches a sugar molecule to an amino acid or protein in the form of a glycosidic linkage. The attachment of the sugar molecule can be accomplished by either an enzymatic or chemical process. The type of glycosylation determines the type of linkage, which can be alpha-N-glycosidic (α-N), beta-N-glycosidic (β-N), or N-acetyl--galactosamine (NAG). Methylation is a process that changes one or more hydroxyl groups on a compound into methyl groups. It is usually performed with compounds containing alcohol groups (-OH) on their molecules. Click modification is a chemical reaction used to attach two chemical compounds together. It usually involves the use of copper(I) chloride, copper(II) chloride, and other reagents such as tetrabutylammonium bromide and potassium bromide. Click modification has been</p>

<p>Bacterial exopolysaccharide from gram negative Flavobacterium spp.</p>

<p>Neutral tetrasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>Major milk pentasaccharide; reduces respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies</p>

<p>L-Gluconic acid calcium salt is a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The structure of this compound has not been fully elucidated, but it is known to be a modification of L-gluconic acid, which is a monosaccharide. This product can be used as a biochemical reagent for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>2-Keto-D-glucose is a substrate molecule that is used in the study of plant physiology, enzyme kinetics, and metabolic regulation. It has been shown to be an important factor in redox potential and the activation of detoxification enzymes. 2-Keto-D-glucose has also been found to be an important factor in energy metabolism, as it can be converted into pyruvate and acetyl CoA. 2-Keto-D-glucose is a common substrate molecule for many enzymes, including glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphofructokinase. 2-Keto-D-glucose has also been found to play a role in human blood serum biochemistry by acting as a substrate for erythrocyte D glucose transporter protein and glycerol kinase.</p>

<p>1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-galactitol hydrochloride is a natural polymer that is found in many organisms, including bacteria and fungi. It can be obtained by enzymatic conversion of galactose, which is an epimer of glucose. 1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-galactitol hydrochloride has been shown to have viscosity properties that are similar to those of natural polymers. This compound also has the ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. 1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-galactitol hydrochloride is produced by chemoenzymatic reactions and can be used as a substitute for natural polymers in certain applications (e.g., food industry).</p>

<p>D-Gluconic acid zinc salt is an inorganic compound that is used to treat deficiencies of D-gluconate. It is a salt of zinc and D-gluconic acid, which is a natural metabolite found in the human body. This compound can be used to maintain healthy levels of D-gluconate in the tissues and help control symptoms related to deficiencies. The efficiency of this method has been demonstrated by an in vitro test on human femur cells. A profile analysis showed that D-gluconic acid zinc salt was able to minimize the severity of symptoms associated with deficiencies caused by gluconate deficiency, such as tissue sensitivity and bone degradation.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-pivaloyl-6-O-triisopropylsilyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a high purity custom synthesis sugar. It has been modified with fluorination and glycosylation. The CAS number for this product is 8071-79-8. Synthetic modification of the sugar to form an oligosaccharide or monosaccharide can also be performed. This product is a complex carbohydrate that contains saccharides in the form of a sugar molecule linked together by glycosidic bonds.</p>

<p>Methyl 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-xylofuranoside can also be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other xylo or oligo related compounds.</p>

<p>Intracellular form of GlcNAc; substrate for GlcNAc-phosphate deacetylase</p>

<p>Man-9 N-glycan is a glycoprotein that is found on the surface of many viruses. It has an oligosaccharide structure, which consists of a mannose and a glucose molecule linked by an alpha-1,3-glycosidic bond. The Man-9 N-glycan can be found in human serum and is involved in lectin binding to cells. It also has antiviral activity and may be used as a model system for studying glycosidic bonds. This glycan can be broken down into smaller components by methyl glycosides or titration calorimetry, which is a technique for determining the molecular weight of substances. The Man-9 N-Glycan binds to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of human cells, which activates an antibody response.</p>

<p>D-ribono-1,5-lactone is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of bioactive compounds including antivirals.</p>

<p>Human milk oligosaccharide; attenuates inflammatory cytokine release</p>

<p>PolyGlycopleX (PGX) is produced from a mixture containing proprietary proportions of three polysaccharides, konjac glucomannan, xanthan gum and sodium alginate.  Recent hydrodynamic, rheological and analytical studies have shown that the unexpectedly high viscosity of solutions of PGX is consistent with an interaction between a konjac glucomannan, xanthan gum complex and sodium alginate to form a new, ternary complex in solution. Human and animal feeding studies have shown that PGX can be used to control weight, lower the glycaemic index of foods and postprandial glycaemia.</p>

<p>(2S, 3S, 4R) -2- [(1R) - 1, 2-Dihydroxyethyl] -3, 4- pyrrolidinediol is a benzyl-containing compound that is used as a glycoside hydrolase inhibitor. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. This drug binds to the active site of glycosidases and blocks the hydrolysis of c-glycosides in the intestine. (2S, 3S, 4R) -2- [(1R) - 1, 2-Dihydroxyethyl] -3, 4- pyrrolidinediol also inhibits chloride channels and has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Fully protected xylopyranoside</p>

<p>Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin.  The polysaccharide is deacetylated in order to render it soluble, which is then possible at pH values of less than 7 (normally in dilute acid).  This then allows the material to be used in a number of industrial applications as a binder and film former.</p>

<p>k-carrageenan derived octasaccharide alcohol tetrasulfate+(3-6 anhydrogalactose)</p>

<p>Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. This product has a 13C heavy-label and so can be used in applications such as metabolic tracing and quantitative mass spectrometry.</p>

<p>Octyl D-glucuronic acid is a glycosylation agent that can be used to modify the surface of proteins and polymers. It is an oligosaccharide that contains eight glucose molecules linked by beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Octyl D-glucuronic acid has been shown to have a high purity, with no detectable impurities or contaminants. The modification of proteins and polymers with this molecule has been shown to increase their stability and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, heat, pH changes, and light exposure. It also increases the hydrophilicity of the modified material and can be used for click chemistry reactions using azide or alkyne functional groups.<br>Octyl D-glucuronic acid is commercially available from Sigma Aldrich in different grades: Technical Grade (TG), Analytical Grade (AG), Pharmaceutical Grade (PG).</p>

<p>(2S,3R,4S)-2-(Benzoyloxy)methyl-3,4,N-tri-O-benzoyl-5-methyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diol is a high purity synthetic carbohydrate that is custom synthesized to your specifications. It can be used for saccharide and oligosaccharide modification or glycosylation. (2S,3R,4S)-2-(Benzoyloxy)methyl-3,4,N-tri-O-benzoyl-5-methyl-pyrrolidine-3,4-diol is prepared from benzoyl chloride and 3'-chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. This product is available for methylation and click chemistry modification.</p>

<p>Important resource for RNA- and DNA-related syntheses including ribosylation</p>

<p>b-Chloralose is a general anesthetic that is used to induce and maintain anesthesia. It has been shown to decrease the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure in patients. It also causes a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate and delays the recovery of consciousness. Although b-chloralose has been shown to have negative effects on the cardiovascular system, it can be administered safely in combination with other anesthetics because it does not alter their effects. The use of b-chloralose is limited by its short duration of action and by adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.</p>

<p>1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic glycosylate sugar. It is a high purity material that can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. This product has been modified with a fluorine atom at the 3' position of the sugar. It is an Oligosaccharide that is useful in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is also used in Click chemistry and can be methylated or acetylated.</p>

<p>This product is a custom synthesis. It is a complex carbohydrate with a CAS No., Polysaccharide, Modification, saccharide, Methylation, Glycosylation, Click modification and Carbohydrate. It is a sugar with high purity and Fluorination. The product has been synthetically made.</p>

<p>(1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - 3- Hydroxy- 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) - 2- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a carbohydrate that is modified by fluorination and methylation. This product is custom synthesized to your specifications. It has been shown to be effective in glycosylation reactions and click chemistry.</p>

<p>Hybrid Glycan, 2-AB labelled is a custom synthesis of a high purity glycosylation product. This synthetic oligosaccharide includes saccharides that are labelled with 2-AB. The modification is Click chemistry and provides a method for attaching the label to the sugar molecule. This product is not found in nature or existing in cells or organisms. It is used as a research tool in immunology, cell biology, and structural biology applications.</p>

<p>Sodium carboxymethyl dextran (CM-dextran) is a white, odourless and tasteless powder, which is freely soluble in water or electrolyte solutions. The product has a pronounced polyanionic character, due to the high degree of carboxyl substitution.  Applications that have been described for CM-dextran include carriers of paramagnetic contrast agents, preparation of conjugates of pharmacologically active compounds and CM-dextrans in biosensors.  A number of other uses in cosmetics, agriculture, foods, paints and textiles have been the subject of patent applications.</p>

<p>Alkylsophorolipids are custom-synthesized complex carbohydrates. They are composed of an oligosaccharide and methylated saccharides, which have been modified with fluorine at the C3 position. This modification increases the hydrophobicity of the molecule, which makes it more soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. Alkylsophorolipids have a CAS number of 1269-61-6.</p>

<p>3-C-Methyl- 5, 6- O- isopropylidene)-D- mannonic acid g- lactone is a modification of the natural sugar D-mannonic acid. It can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. 3-C-Methyl-5,6 -O-isopropylidene)-D -mannonic acid g -lactone is synthesized by methylation and glycosylation. This product is available in high purity and CAS No.</p>