Glycoscience

<p>D-Galactose diethyldithioacetal is a phenylhydrazone that has an affinity for the C-3 position of sugars. It is synthesised from D-galactose and diethyldithiocarbonyl chloride, with a borohydride reduction to give the hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group reacts with methyl glycosides or carbohydrates to produce 3-substituted glycosides or 3-substituted carbohydrate. D-Galactose diethyldithioacetal also inhibits glycosidase enzymes, which are enzymes that break down sugars, and thus prevents the digestion of sugars. The chemical structure of D-galactose diethyldithioacetal was determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The product was found to be L-fucitol (a sweetener) after desulfurization using hydrogen gas for removal of sulfur compounds.</p>

<p>1,6-Anhydro-3-O-benzyl-b-L-idopyranose is an oligosaccharide in which the aldehyde group of the original sugar has been modified. It is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized by the fluorination of glucose with 1,6-dichlorohexane and benzyl bromide. The product is purified by crystallization and recrystallization to obtain a high purity. It is a monosaccharide sugar that can be used as a starting material for modification or synthesis of other carbohydrates.</p>

<p>3-O-Triisopropylsilyl-D-galactal is a carbohydrate that belongs to the group of sugars. It is an oligosaccharide with a complex structure, which is synthesized from D-galactal by treatment with triisopropylsilyl chloride in pyridine. 3-O-Triisopropylsilyl-D-galactal is used as a reagent for the methylation and glycosylation of proteins and nucleic acids. This compound has been shown to inhibit the enzyme carboxypeptidase A, which may be due to its ability to act as an inhibitor of carbohydrate binding. 3-O-Triisopropylsilyl-D-galactal has also been shown to bind specifically to erythrocyte membranes, suggesting that it could be used as a potential diagnostic marker for glycogen storage diseases.</p>

<p>N-Acetylserotonin β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of melatonin, which is synthesized in the pineal gland. It is excreted in human urine and can be used as a biomarker for melatonin synthesis. N-Acetylserotonin β-D-glucuronide has been shown to have pharmacologic effects on humans and other species, but its health effects are not well understood. The use of this compound as a biomarker for human melatonin synthesis has been validated in vitro and in vivo. It is also used as a marker for kidney function, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). This analysis can be performed using urinary samples that contain glucuronide conjugates of N-acetylserotonin β-D-glucuronide.</p>

<p>GalNAca1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc</p>

<p>1,2-O-Ethylidene b-D-mannopyranose is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized from the modification of mannose with 1,2-O-ethylidene b-D-mannopyranose. This modification can be accomplished by either methylation or glycosylation. Modification of mannose with 1,2-O-ethylidene b-D-mannopyranose has been shown to increase the stability of the molecule and improve its resistance to degradation. The methylation of mannose with 1,2-O-ethylidene b-D-mannopyranose has been shown to produce a variety of derivatives that may have potential applications in drug design and cancer treatment. This complex carbohydrate is an important component in many saccharides and polysaccharides. It has also been used as a fluorinating agent in organic synthesis.</p>

<p>3',4'-O-Carbonyl-6,6'-di-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl lactal is a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been modified with a click modification. It is comprised of 3 different monosaccharides, one saccharide, and one carbonyl group. This carbohydrate is synthesized from the natural sugar D-ribose, which is modified with an O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl lactal. The synthesis begins with the addition of a methyl group to the sugar's primary hydroxyl group. Then the sugar is reacted with fluorine gas to form an ether bond between the sugar's primary hydroxyl and its secondary hydroxyl. The final step in the synthesis involves glycosylation of the terminal hydroxyl groups on each monosaccharide.</p>

<p>6-O-Benzyl-2,3-di-O-acetyl-methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a high purity synthetic compound with a CAS number of 162284. It is a carbonyl sugar that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. The 6 position of the glucose monosaccharide has been acetylated to give an O6 benzyl group. This compound is used for glycosylation and click chemistry modifications.</p>

1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol is a drug that has been shown to reduce the growth of tumors in mice. It is an antitumor agent that inhibits the activity of enzymes such as protein kinase A and phosphorylase kinase. This drug also inhibits the activity of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which is necessary for normal cellular function. The structure of 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol was first determined by analytical methods on mouse tumor tissue and then verified by a preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiment. It has been shown to be effective against pediatric tumors and is currently being evaluated for use in other cancer models.

<p>3,5-Bis-O-(2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-2-C-methyl-a-D-ribofuranose is a custom synthesis that can be modified by fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide or oligosaccharide addition. This sugar has a molecular weight of 476.28 g/mol and CAS No. 94629-04-0. It is a polysaccharide that is glycosylated with sugar at carbons 1 and 2. 3,5-Bis-O-(2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-2-C-methyl-a-D-ribofuranose is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates such as Glycogenin A (CAS No. 94629 04 0), which has been shown to have antihyperglycemic effects.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic saccharide that can be used in the production of complex carbohydrates. This product has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click modification. 4NP2AG is a monosaccharide that can be synthesized by modifying acetamido group with nitrophenol (4NP). It can also be used as an Oligosaccharide or Polysaccharide.</p>

<p>Difucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose-APD-HSA is a complex carbohydrate that is a custom synthesis. It has been modified by the addition of difucosyl groups to the para position of lactose and by the attachment of an APD moiety to the N-acetyl group of hexitol. The molecular weight is approximately 1,000 Da. This product is used in glycosylation reactions, such as polysaccharide synthesis, and in fluorination reactions. Difucosyl-para-lacto-N-hexaose-APD-HSA can be found under CAS No. 366511-00-7 and is soluble in water and DMSO.</p>

<p>Intermediate in the production of biosynthetic antibiotics</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-xylopyranose is a custom synthesis product. It is a sugar that is found in glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. This product can be customized through the modification of the sugar with fluorination, methylation, acetylation or other modifications. This product has a CAS number of 142130-89-0 and can be synthesized from sucrose using Click chemistry. The chemical name for this compound is 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-[(trimethylsilyl)acetyl]-L-xylopyranose.</p>

<p>2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate is a glycoconjugate that can be synthesized from 2,3,4 tri-O-acetyl-6 deoxyglucose and N-(2,2,2,-trichloroethyl)glycine. It has been shown to be useful for the synthesis of glycosidically bound fluorides. This chemical is an intermediate in the synthesis of saccharide and oligosaccharide derivatives with click modifications. It is also used as a reagent for the modification of polysaccharides with fluorination complexes. The high purity of this compound makes it suitable for use in custom synthesis.</p>

<p>The major gel forming component in agar, agarose, consists of a linear chain of sequences of 1,3 linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units and 1,4 linkages to 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranosyl units. Gelation is done via the formation of double helices (Arnott, 1974). Agar's properties are similar to gelatin as it is primarily used as a plating gel for microbial cultures (Lahaye, 1991). However, agar is a good substitute for animal-based gelatin in vegetarian foods and is easy to use in food gels in a similar way to the carrageenans. Common food applications of agar include: puddings, custards, and soft candies. Agar improves the texture of processed cheese and frozen desserts, and is also added to baked goods to inhibit staling. A creative food application uses agar-based gel cubes that are infused with fruit extract or wine to make a vegetable-based aspic (Armisén, 2009).<br>Agar contains two polysaccharides Agarobiose and Agaropectin. Both Gelidium latifolium and Gelidium amansii are sources of both Agar and Agarose. The images were kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.<br>Agaropectin<br>Agaropectin is a sulphated non-gelling galactan comprising about 30% of Agar. Half ester sulphate is present in varying amounts plus D-glucuronic acid and small amounts of pyruvic acid. As with Agarose the main chain has alternating residues of D-galactose and L-galactose heavily modified with acidic side-groups which are usually sulfate, glucuronate, and pyruvate. Pyruvic acid is possibly attached in an acetal form to the D-galactose residues of the agarobiose skeleton. No formal structure of Agaropectin appears to have been published.<br>Agarose<br>Agarose is a linear gelling polysaccharide of (1-3) linked β-D-galactopyranose residues linked to 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactopyranose via 1-4 bonds. Agar contains about 60% Agarose.</p>

<p>(R)-Ketoprofen b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic modified sugar that is produced by the glucuronidation of ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The modification of ketoprofen with glucuronic acid can be achieved through an enzymatic process, which is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase. This modification increases the solubility of ketoprofen and its ability to penetrate cells. (R)-Ketoprofen b-D-glucuronide has been shown to have antibacterial properties against Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It has also shown antiviral activity against HIV-1 due to its inhibition of reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme important for viral replication.</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a sugar that is custom synthesized. It is fluorinated and modified with saccharides. The molecular weight of this compound is 582.06 g/mol and the CAS number for it is 15041281.</p>

This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.

<p>Main metabolite of antiretroviral drug Abacavir with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Abacavir is eliminated by hepatic metabolism to two major metabolites: 5’-glucuronide formed by uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase and 5’-carboxylate formed by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase.</p>

6-O-Benzoylphlorigidoside B is a natural product that belongs to the class of iridoid glycosides. It is found in plants such as callicarpa, which are members of the asterid clade. 6-O-Benzoylphlorigidoside B was isolated from iridoid glycosides in leaves of Formosana, a plant family native to Taiwan. This compound has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities, as well as potential antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

<p>Rhamnose based 'green' surfactant</p>

<p>O-(2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino N-(4-nitrophenyl)carbamate is a modification of an oligosaccharide that is synthesized by the reaction of an alpha, beta unsaturated nitrophenyl carbamate with a 2,6-anhydro glucose. The product is a white solid that can be used as a source for polysaccharides and monosaccharides. It has been shown to be modified by methylation, glycosylation and fluorination.</p>

<p>Ethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranoside is a custom synthesis of methylated oligosaccharides. It is an acetylated form of L-rhamnopyranoside that is obtained by the reaction of dl-glyceraldehyde with acetone and acetic acid. The product has been fluorinated to give a complex carbohydrate with high purity.</p>

2,6-Di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroactimidate is a synthetic, glycosylate sugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This molecule has been fluorinated to increase its lipophilicity and stability. It has been modified with methyl groups to improve its reactivity with other molecules. The purity of 2,6-Di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroactimidate is greater than 98%.

<p>Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorinated sugar that belongs to the category of carbohydrates. This compound is synthesized from D-galactose and 3,4,5-tri-O-benzyl L-fucose by glycosylation with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl L-fucopyranoside. The synthetic route starts with an acetic acid esterification of D-galactose with benzaldehyde in the presence of pyridine and triethylamine to yield methyl 2,3,4-triacetoxybenzoate. A reaction with 3,4,5 trihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the presence of pyridine and triethylamine leads to a glycosylation between the two compounds. The resulting product is then subjected to hydrogenolysis using palladium on</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-D-[1-13C]neuraminic acid is a monosialoganglioside that is synthesized in the human body. It is used to study the metabolic pathways of polysialic acid, which is a polysaccharide consisting of sialic acid and neuraminic acid. N-Acetyl-D-[1-13C]neuraminic acid has been shown to be effective in treating cancer and inflammatory disorders. In addition, it can be used as a diagnostic agent for glycan studies and diabetes neuropathy.</p>

<p>A linear β-(1,4)-galactan from Acacia gum. Other linear β-(1,4)-galactans have been isolated from lemon peel, potato tubers and Norwegian spruce compresssion wood.</p>

<p>1,2,6-Tri-O-methyl-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that has been modified by fluorination and glycosylation. This product is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 185°C. The chemical formula for this product is C5H12O5.</p>

<p>2,4:3,5-Di-O-benzylidene-aldehydo-D-ribose hydrate is a complex carbohydrate that contains a glycosylation site. The CAS number for this product is 32580-00-0. This product can be modified by methylation, fluorination, and saccharide modification. It is also available in custom synthesis or high purity.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl-(N2-Fmoc)-L-threonine is a glucosinolate that is derived from the amino acid L-threonine. It has been used in tissue culture and tumor treatment experiments to study the role of glucoraphanin in cancer cell proliferation. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl-(N2-Fmoc)-L-threonine has been shown to inhibit cardiac and atrial growth in vivo. The biosynthesis of 2,3,4,6 - Tetra - O - acetyl - a - D - mannopyranosyl ( N2 - Fmoc) - L - threonine starts with the conversion of L - threonine to glucoraphanin by an enzyme called</p>

Phosphoric acid mono-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-hydroxyimino-heptyl) ester disodium salt (compound H) is a high purity compound that can be custom synthesized to suit the customer's needs. It is a synthetically modified sugar with Click modification. This product has been fluorinated and glycosylated. Modification and methylation are also available on request.

<p>Please enquire for more information about Calcium α-D-isosaccharinate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>2-Aminoethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside HCl is a synthetic compound that contains a glycosylation and fluorination. This product is a custom synthesis and is available in high purity. It has been modified with methylation and click chemistry.</p>

<p>PBS 57 is a pluripotent cell-derived protein that has been shown to be a potent vaccine adjuvant. PBS 57 is derived from the plasma of pregnant women and contains the following antigenic determinants: glucose, human albumin, and human immunoglobulin G. PBS 57 can stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity in mice with deficiencies in antibody production or T cells. PBS 57 has also been shown to have strong pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, which may be due to its ability to induce galacturonic acid release from macrophages.</p>

<p>2-Azidoethyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a modified sugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and saccharides. This product has a purity of 99.5% and is available for custom synthesis. The CAS number for this product is 653597-40-1.</p>

<p>The core trisaccharide of the ganglioside GD2,protected with a propargyl glycoside group, is the most prominent alkynyl glycoside used in oligosaccharide synthesis (Das, 2016). The structure (sodium salt) comprises (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) of its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors including neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).</p>

<p>NGA2 Glycan, 2-AB labelled is a complex carbohydrate that is custom synthesized for research purposes. It is a high purity, high quality product that has been fluorinated and glycosylated. NGA2 Glycan, 2-AB labelled is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product can be used for glycosylation, methylation and click modification.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-scyllo-inosose is a biochemical with an unknown function. It is not a substrate for any known enzyme, but has been shown to be a substrate for the synthesis of corynebacterium glutamicum. The reaction mechanism of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose is still unclear, but it has been proposed that this molecule undergoes dehydration and then undergoes an acid catalyzed aldol cyclization to form 3-aminohexanol. This reaction produces fluorescence resonance energy transfer in group p2 subtilisin.<br>2DOS is also an antimicrobial agent which exhibits activity against Gram positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis.</p>

Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a glycolipid that has been shown to be an activator of the protein growth factor-β1. It is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and may have potential as a biomarker for cancer. Gb3 is also a drug transporter and it has been shown to have long-term efficacy in the treatment of sarcoidosis. Gb3 has been found in high concentrations in patients with HIV infection, suggesting that it may play a role in HIV replication. Studies have also shown that Gb3 may be involved in cardiac pathology and its structural analysis can help in understanding its function. Symptoms or conditions associated with elevated levels of globotriaosylceramide include: • Carcinoma • Cardiac disease • Infectious diseases • HIV infection

Please enquire for more information about D-Galactose-4-D including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

<p>O-(2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino N-phenyl carbamate (3,4,6-OAAC) is a custom synthesis that can be modified with fluorination and methylation. 3,4,6OAAC is an oligosaccharide that contains a saccharide with glycosylation. The saccharides in the oligosaccharide are polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>Vitamin D2 b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a custom synthesis, modification, and fluorination of vitamin D2. The monosaccharide is methylated, then it is modified with a click chemistry to create the sugar. This sugar is then glycosylated with a polysaccharide, which results in the final product. It has CAS No. 85701-30-0 and has properties as both a saccharide and carbohydrate.</p>

<p>(2S- trans)-4-Hydroxy-N-methyl 2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide is a modification of the sugar molecule. It is a complex carbohydrate that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It has CAS number 143035-54-5 and can be synthesized in high purity with a glycosylation process. This chemical can also be fluorinated and saccharide substituted to create a wide range of products with different properties.</p>

Phenyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a glycosylation agent that has a glycone with a pyranoside at the 3′ position and an amide bond at the 2′ position. It is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, as well as for Click modification. The compound is also used to modify proteins and saccharides. Phenyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-thioglucopyranoside has been shown to be stable when heated, making it useful for complex carbohydrate synthesis.

GalNAca1-3(Fuca1-2)Galb1-3GlcNAc

<p>Maltoheptaose hydrate is a mixture of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides that has been shown to be effective as a biocide. Maltoheptaose hydrate has been shown to be an effective radiation absorber, with the ability to absorb microwaves and other forms of radiation. The compound also has the capacity to form hydrogen bonds, which can lead to the formation of alcohols in solution. This property makes maltoheptaose hydrate a useful recording agent for microwave radiation, as well as being able to absorb alcohols. Maltoheptaose hydrate is composed of both monomeric and monosaccharides, which are saccharides.</p>

<p>Phenylpropyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a modified monosaccharide. It has been fluorinated and methylated, and is synthesized by the click reaction. Phenylpropyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside can be used as a building block for complex carbohydrates.</p>

<p>A sulfated galactose analogue</p>