Antiparasitics

<p>Diloxanide furoate treats mild intestinal Amebiasis and is preferred for asymptomatic cyst carriers.</p>

<p>Applications 4-Phospho-D-erythronate is an intermediate in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in some bacteria and an inhibitor of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase. Phosphorylated aldonic acids are strong inhibitors of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and 4-phospho-D-erythronate (4PE) and 4-phospho-D-erythronohydroxamate are two of the strongest inhibitors of the Trypanosoma brucei enzyme.<br>References Tanaka, N., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 324, 519 (2002), Fitzpatrick, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 407, 1 (2007), Kalliri, E., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 3793 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Methylacridine is an derivative of Acridine (A190900), a quinoline derivative used as manufacturing dyes and as an intermediate for the synthesis of antileishmanial agents.<br>References Pathak, D. et al.: Pharma Chemica, 3, 239 (2011); Mathieu, O. et al.: Xenobiotica, 41, 91 (2011); Rubbo, S.D. et al.: Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 28, 1 (1947);<br></p>

<p>Applications Diclazuril 6-Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Diclazuril (D436200), a nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity.<br>References Fodey, T.L., et al.: J. Immunol. Meth., 323, 31 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bruceantin A acts as an anti-babesial quassinoid, extracted from the fruits of Brucea javanica, also an effective anti-trypanosomal agent in vitro. Cytotoxic agent.<br>References Bawm, S. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 158, 288 (2008); Elkhateeb, A, et al.: Nat. Prod. Comm., 3, 145 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Cefodizime can be obtained from Ethyl Acetate (E899545) which is a chemical intermediate used in the production of various analgesics, antibiotics and antimalarial agents.<br>References Mutti, F.G., et al.: Adv. Syn. Cata., 354, 3409 (2012); Subudhi, B., et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc., Ethiopia., 26, 455 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Gossypol is a mixture of natural polyphenols isolated from the cotton plant. It causes spermatogenesis arrest in humans and also functions as an anti-malarial agent. Antiinflammatory. Anticancer.<br>References Huo, M. et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 15, 442 (2013); Coutinho, E. et al.: Contraception. 65, 259 (2002); Royer, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1799 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(Aminomethyl)-4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenol is a metabolite of Amodiaquine (A634200), an antimalarial agent.<br>References Mariga, S.T., et. al.: Acta Tropica, 93, 221 (2005); Natarajan, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 22, 1230 (1972); Kracmer, J., et al.: Pharmazie, 29, 773 (1974); Ahmad, I., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 21, 43 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Ivermectin B1 Aglycon is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Dichloro-2,5-bis(trichloromethyl)-Benzene is a derivative compound of 1,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-2-chlorobenzene (B585580), that acts as a reagent for the synthesis of hexachloroxylene derivatives which functions pharmaceutically as antimalaria and as a schistosomicides.<br>References Elslager, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 542 (1970)<br></p>

<p>Applications Aminorex is a metabolite of Levamisole (L331100). Aminorex is an anorectic stimulant drug of the 2-amino-5-aryl oxazoline class. Aminorex has been shown to have locomotor stimulant effects similar to Methamphetamine (M258795).<br>References Poos, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 266 (1963), Watson, A., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 45, 411 (1988), Russell, B., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 51, 375 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications rac-Febrifugine dihydrochloride is the salt of Febrifugine, a bioactive constituent of a Chinese medicinal herb that is characterized by its therapeutic activity regarding malaria, cancer, fibrosis and inflammatory diseases.<br>References Keller, T.L.: Nat. Chem. Bio., 8, 311, (2012); Zhu, S. et al.: Bio. Med. Chem., 17, 4496 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Avermectin A1b is part of a series of drugs that can be used for treating parasitic diseases in animals.<br>References Billi, M. et al.: Braz. Pedido PI, 15pp., (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone is a derivative of anthraquinone (A679245) which is an important precursor for many drugs, including Emodin (E523000), Aloe-emodin (A575400), Antimalarials such as Rufgallol, and also Antineoplastics used in the treatment of cancer, such as mitoxantrone (M373425), pixantrone (P552500), and the anthracyclines.<br>References Pan, X., et al.: Biochem. Eng. J., 5, 173 (2000), Macleod, L.C., et al.: Org. Synth., 14:4; (2005); McDonald, M., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 10, 745 (1984); Cavalletti, E. et al.: Invest. New Drugs, 25, 187 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alloc Bromoridane is used as an anticoccidial agent. Alloc Bromoridane is an intermediate of Febrifugine and Halofuginone (H102500), as inhibitors of prolyl-tRNA synthetase.<br></p>

<p>Applications Diclazuril 6-Carboxamide is an impurity of Diclazuril (D436200), a nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity.<br></p>

<p>Applications Diclazuril 6-Carboxylic Acid [(4-Chlorophenyl)cyanomethyl]-2,6-dichlorophenyl-4-amide is an dimerized impurity of Diclazuril (D436200), a nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications The antibiotics Fosmidomycin and FR900098 are members of a unique class of phosphonic acid natural products that inhibit the nonmevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Both are potent antibacterial and antimalarial compounds.<br>References Altschul, S., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403 (1990), Altschul, S., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403 (1990), Noda, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 46143 (2004), Snow, R., et al.: Nature, 434, 214 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications N-(2-Benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)formamide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-aminoindole compounds that can be used as antimalarial agents.<br>References Mazitschek, R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011053697 A1 20110505. May 5, 2011<br></p>

<p>Sulfaquinoxaline (Sulfabenzpyrazine) is an antiprotozoal agent.</p>

<p>Applications A diaminopyrimidine derivative with antimalarial and antibacterial properties.<br>References Coats, E. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 14, 261 (1979); Falco, E. et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol. Chemoth., 6, 185 (1951)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Metoclopramide EP Impurity E<br>Applications 2-Diethylaminoethylamine (Metoclopramide EP Impurity E) is used in the syntheses of anti-malarials. In addition, it has been seem to induce apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kumar, S. et al.: MedChemComm, 3, 489 (2012); del Olmo, E. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 2621 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Nifursol is a nitrofuran veterinary antibiotic with action on protozoal growth inhibition and is used for preventing histomoniasis in poultry.</p>

<p>Doramectin is a macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agent with action on glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasites and is used for treating internal and external parasitic infections in livestock.</p>

<p>Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative belonging to the family of anthelmintic drugs. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists that binds to nAChRs on the neuromuscular junctions of parasitic worms, mimicking the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This excessive stimulation of nAChRs leads to persistent depolarization of muscle cells and spastic paralysis to expel of the worms. Levamisole exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various roundworms, whipworms, hookworms, and threadworms.</p>

<p>Anti-malarial quinine analogue; effective against Covid-19 infection in vitro</p>

<p>Imidocarb Dipropionate is an antiprotozoal compound with a mode of action that interferes with the glycolysis of parasites like Babesia. It is used for treating infections such as babesiosis in animals.</p>

<p>Lumefantrine is an antimalarial compound with action on erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum by inhibiting β-hematin formation and is used for treating malaria in combination with artemether.</p>

<p>Treatment for leishmaniasis</p>

<p>Piperaquine tetraphosphate tetrahydrate is an antimalarial compound with action on Plasmodium parasites by disrupting DNA synthesis and is used for treating malaria in combination therapies.</p>

<p>Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolone that is used to prevent and treat malaria, caused by parasitic protozoan from the Plasmodium genus. Chloroquine i a schizonticidal agent and is a widely prescribed antimalarial compound. The antiviral activity of chloroquine in vitro has been reported in 1960’s and recent publications have brought attention to its possible benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, infected with the newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Current evidence shows that chloroquine inhibits SARS CoV-2 entry in host cells by interfering with endocytosis and affecting the glycoprofile on the S-glycoprotein.</p>

<p>Anthelmintic; anti-parasitic</p>

<p>Flubendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasites and is used for treating intestinal worms in humans and animals.</p>

<p>Naturally produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitili, it is clinically used in the treatment of parasitosis in both humans and animals. Ivermectin is commercially available as a mixture of 80% 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1a and 20% 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1b. In 2020, Ivermectin indicated that it was a good antiviral agent in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and a new mechanism of action has been suggested. Ivermectin would act on importin α/β heterodimer and affect nuclear transport and the translocation of viral proteins.</p>

<p>Amopyroquine is an antimalarial agent and is used for the treatment of malaria. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of haem polymerase in the parasite, leading to the accumulation of toxic haem</p>

<p>Naturally produced by the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitili, Ivermectin is clinically used in the treatment of parasitosis in both humans and animals. Ivermectin is commercially available as a mixture of 80% 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1a and 20% 22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1b. In 2020, research indicated that it was a good antiviral agent in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and a new mechanism of action has been suggested. Ivermectin would act on importin α/β heterodimer and affect nuclear transport and the translocation of viral proteins.</p>

<p>Oxibendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasitic worms and is used for treating roundworms, strongyles, and pinworms in horses and pets.</p>

<p>Primaquine is an antimalarial agent with action on Plasmodium hypnozoites in the liver and is used for preventing relapses of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.</p>

<p>Benznidazole is an antiprotozoal agent and is used for the treatment of Chagas disease. It generates free radicals that damage the DNA and other cellular components of the parasite.</p>

<p>Inhibits methionine aminopeptidase-2; anti-angiogenic; antibiotic</p>

<p>Hexadecylphosphocholine, better known as miltefosine, belongs to the group of phospholipids. The long alkyl chain and a polar group of a molecule proved to be essential for antitumor activity, especially to cure breast cancer cells. The apoptotic process takes place in the plasma membrane, where molecules are inserted and then influence signaling pathways. Moreover, during preclinical studies hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC) found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of chemically induced rat mammary carcinomas, and even a high percentage of the tumors regressed completely. The He-PC has many more applications such as antifungal agent, antiprotozoal drug, protein kinase inhibitor or immunomodulator. Even though miltefosine was originally developed in the 1980s as an anti-cancer agent, new studies have demonstrated activity against Leishmania parasites and neoplastic cells, and due to broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects, it is recommended as a first line treatment for free-living amebae infections.</p>

<p>Triclabendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on liver flukes by disrupting their microtubule formation and is used for treating fascioliasis in humans and animals.</p>

<p>Mebendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasitic worms and is used for treating intestinal worm infections like threadworms and roundworms.</p>

<p>Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasites and is used for treating gastrointestinal parasites in animals.</p>

<p>N-Desethyl Amodiaquine-d5 DiHCl is a deuterated compound of N-Desethyl Amodiaquine DiHCl. N-Desethyl Amodiaquine DiHCl has a CAS number of 79352-78-6. N-Desethyl amodiaquine dihydrochloride is an antiparasitic agent,is the major biologically active Amodiaquine metabolite .</p>

<p>Tafenoquine (WR 238605) is an antimalarial prophylactic agent with schizonticidal activity, useful in hemolytic anemia research.</p>

<p>Primaquine is an antimalarial compound and a gametocytocide, clearing liver schizonts and dormant forms of Plasmodium vivax.</p>