Antiparasitics

Applications Diclazuril 6-Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Diclazuril (D436200), a nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity.
References Fodey, T.L., et al.: J. Immunol. Meth., 323, 31 (2007);

Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of nicotinamide with potential anticoccidial activity.
References Morisawa, Y. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 20, 129 (1977);

Impurity Metoclopramide EP Impurity E
Applications 2-Diethylaminoethylamine (Metoclopramide EP Impurity E) is used in the syntheses of anti-malarials. In addition, it has been seem to induce apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kumar, S. et al.: MedChemComm, 3, 489 (2012); del Olmo, E. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 2621 (2002);

Applications (E)-Cefodizime can be obtained from Ethyl Acetate (E899545) which is a chemical intermediate used in the production of various analgesics, antibiotics and antimalarial agents.
References Mutti, F.G., et al.: Adv. Syn. Cata., 354, 3409 (2012); Subudhi, B., et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc., Ethiopia., 26, 455 (2012);

Applications 9-Methylacridine is an derivative of Acridine (A190900), a quinoline derivative used as manufacturing dyes and as an intermediate for the synthesis of antileishmanial agents.
References Pathak, D. et al.: Pharma Chemica, 3, 239 (2011); Mathieu, O. et al.: Xenobiotica, 41, 91 (2011); Rubbo, S.D. et al.: Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 28, 1 (1947);

Applications 5-Bromo-1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is a useful intermediate in the preparation of isoxazole derivatives for controlling parasites, such as Rhipicephalus sanguineous nymphs.
References Gauvry, Noelle., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2012120135 A1 20120913. (2012);

Applications Used in the antileishmanial activity of lipidic amino alcohols.
References Coimbra, E.: Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 75, 233 (2010).

Applications A diaminopyrimidine derivative with antimalarial and antibacterial properties.
References Coats, E. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 14, 261 (1979); Falco, E. et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol. Chemoth., 6, 185 (1951)

Applications rac-Febrifugine dihydrochloride is the salt of Febrifugine, a bioactive constituent of a Chinese medicinal herb that is characterized by its therapeutic activity regarding malaria, cancer, fibrosis and inflammatory diseases.
References Keller, T.L.: Nat. Chem. Bio., 8, 311, (2012); Zhu, S. et al.: Bio. Med. Chem., 17, 4496 (2009);

Applications Anhydrodihydroartemisinin is a semisynthetic derivative of Artersiminin (A777500). Anhydrodihydroartemisinin is a decomposition product of Artesunate (A777800) and Dihydroartemisinin (D448360). Anhydrodihydroartemisinin showed antimalarial activity although much weaker than its parent compound.
References Haynes, R.K. et al.: ChemMedChem, 2, 1448 (2007); Lin, A.J. et al.: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 50, 777 (1994); Galal, A. et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 68, 1274 (2005);

Applications Aminorex is a metabolite of Levamisole (L331100). Aminorex is an anorectic stimulant drug of the 2-amino-5-aryl oxazoline class. Aminorex has been shown to have locomotor stimulant effects similar to Methamphetamine (M258795).
References Poos, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 266 (1963), Watson, A., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 45, 411 (1988), Russell, B., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 51, 375 (1995),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Aminorex and Rexamino as metabolites of Levamisole (L331100).
References Poos, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 266(1963), Watson, A., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 45, 411 (1988), Russell, B., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 51, 375 (1995),

Applications 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone is a derivative of anthraquinone (A679245) which is an important precursor for many drugs, including Emodin (E523000), Aloe-emodin (A575400), Antimalarials such as Rufgallol, and also Antineoplastics used in the treatment of cancer, such as mitoxantrone (M373425), pixantrone (P552500), and the anthracyclines.
References Pan, X., et al.: Biochem. Eng. J., 5, 173 (2000), Macleod, L.C., et al.: Org. Synth., 14:4; (2005); McDonald, M., et al.: Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 10, 745 (1984); Cavalletti, E. et al.: Invest. New Drugs, 25, 187 (2007);

Applications Piperazine Dihydrochloride is an anthelmintic agent used in the treatment of parasitic worms in animals.
References Boes, J.et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 75, 181 (1998); Praslicka, J. et al.: Int. J. Parasitol., 27, 1523 (1997);

Applications Ethaverine is an analogue of Papaverine (P190500), an antispasmodic. An isoquinoline derivative with the potential for antimicrobial, antimalarial and cytotoxic antiviral agents.
References Kaplan, D., et al.: Biochem. J., 201, 605 (1982), Hifnawy, M.S., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 367 (1988); Iwasa, K. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9, 2871 (2001);

Applications Quininone has been shown to have antimalarial activity in mice. Quininone has been shown to aid the binding of drug-induced antibodies to human platelets.
References Klayman, D.L., et. al.: J. Med. Chem., 16, 1042 (1973); Christie, D.J., et. al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 104, 730 (1984)

Applications 4-Phospho-D-erythronate is an intermediate in the synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in some bacteria and an inhibitor of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase. Phosphorylated aldonic acids are strong inhibitors of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and 4-phospho-D-erythronate (4PE) and 4-phospho-D-erythronohydroxamate are two of the strongest inhibitors of the Trypanosoma brucei enzyme.
References Tanaka, N., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 324, 519 (2002), Fitzpatrick, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 407, 1 (2007), Kalliri, E., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 3793 (2008),

Applications 1,4-Dichloro-2,5-bis(trichloromethyl)-Benzene is a derivative compound of 1,4-Bis(trichloromethyl)-2-chlorobenzene (B585580), that acts as a reagent for the synthesis of hexachloroxylene derivatives which functions pharmaceutically as antimalaria and as a schistosomicides.
References Elslager, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 542 (1970)

Applications 4-Methoxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one is a Kawain (K145490) derivative that is known to exhibit antimalarial and antituberculosis activities. 4-Methoxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one has been identified as a lead compound for the dual treatment of malaria and leishmaniasis.
References McCracken, S.T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 1482 (2012); Elzaawely, A.A.. et al.: Food. Chem., 103, 486 (2007); Xuan, T.D., et al.: J. Natural. Med., 62, 188 (2008);

Applications Diclazuril 6-Carboxamide is an impurity of Diclazuril (D436200), a nucleotide analog with broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The antibiotics Fosmidomycin and FR900098 are members of a unique class of phosphonic acid natural products that inhibit the nonmevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. Both are potent antibacterial and antimalarial compounds.
References Altschul, S., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403 (1990), Altschul, S., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403 (1990), Noda, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 46143 (2004), Snow, R., et al.: Nature, 434, 214 (2005),

Applications 5-O-Demethyl-28-oxo-Avermectin A1a is a derivatie of Ivermectin (I940800), which is a semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.
References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);; Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178

Impurity Ivermectin EP Impurity D
Applications 28-Oxo Ivermectin B1a is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178

Applications Monepantel is a recently discovered anthelmitic used in the treatment of parasitic nematodes via stun or kill without damaging the host entity.
References Baur, R. et al.: Mol. Pharm., 87, 96 (2015); Stuchlikova, L. et al.: Chemico. Biol. Interact., 227, 63 (2015);

Impurity Ivermectin EP Impurity K
Applications 3,4-Dihydro Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178

Applications 2-(Aminomethyl)-4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenol is a metabolite of Amodiaquine (A634200), an antimalarial agent.
References Mariga, S.T., et. al.: Acta Tropica, 93, 221 (2005); Natarajan, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 22, 1230 (1972); Kracmer, J., et al.: Pharmazie, 29, 773 (1974); Ahmad, I., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 21, 43 (1992)

Hexadecylphosphocholine, better known as miltefosine, belongs to the group of phospholipids. The long alkyl chain and a polar group of a molecule proved to be essential for antitumor activity, especially to cure breast cancer cells. The apoptotic process takes place in the plasma membrane, where molecules are inserted and then influence signaling pathways. Moreover, during preclinical studies hexadecylphosphocholine (He-PC) found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of chemically induced rat mammary carcinomas, and even a high percentage of the tumors regressed completely. The He-PC has many more applications such as antifungal agent, antiprotozoal drug, protein kinase inhibitor or immunomodulator. Even though miltefosine was originally developed in the 1980s as an anti-cancer agent, new studies have demonstrated activity against Leishmania parasites and neoplastic cells, and due to broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects, it is recommended as a first line treatment for free-living amebae infections.

Benznidazole is an antiprotozoal agent and is used for the treatment of Chagas disease. It generates free radicals that damage the DNA and other cellular components of the parasite.

Primaquine is an antimalarial agent with action on Plasmodium hypnozoites in the liver and is used for preventing relapses of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale.

Imidocarb Dipropionate is an antiprotozoal compound with a mode of action that interferes with the glycolysis of parasites like Babesia. It is used for treating infections such as babesiosis in animals.

Treatment for leishmaniasis