Primary Antibodies

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1(RPS6KB1) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a member of the ribosomal S6 kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. The encoded protein responds to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling to promote protein synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation. Activity of this gene has been associated with human cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed. The use of alternative translation start sites results in isoforms with longer or shorter N-termini which may differ in their subcellular localizations. There are two pseudogenes for this gene on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013],

The protein encoded by this gene is a major sialoglycoprotein found on the surface of thymocytes, T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and some B lymphocytes. It may be part of a physiologic ligand-receptor complex involved in T-cell activation. During T-cell activation, this protein is actively removed from the T-cell-APC (antigen-presenting cell) contact site, suggesting a negative regulatory role in adaptive immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011],

The SIII (or elongin) transcription elongation factor complex stimulates the rate of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing the transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites along the DNA template. This complex is a heterotrimer, composed of the transcriptionally active subunit A, A2 or A3 (or elongin A, A2 or A3) and two regulatory subunits, B and C (or elongin B and C). This gene encodes subunit A3. A3 and A are ubiquitously expressed, whereas A2 is specifically expressed in the testis. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010],

Voltage-gated sodium channels are membrane protein complexes that play a fundamental role in the rising phase of the action potential in most excitable cells. Alpha subunits, such as SCN11A, mediate voltage-dependent gating and conductance, while auxiliary beta subunits regulate the kinetic properties of the channel and facilitate membrane localization of the complex. Aberrant expression patterns or mutations of alpha subunits underlie a number of disorders. Each alpha subunit consists of 4 domains connected by 3 intracellular loops; each domain consists of 6 transmembrane segments and intra- and extracellular linkers.[supplied by OMIM, Apr 2004],

The product of this gene phosphorylates the beta-2-adrenergic receptor and appears to mediate agonist-specific desensitization observed at high agonist concentrations. This protein is an ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that specifically phosphorylates the activated form of the beta-adrenergic and related G-protein-coupled receptors. Abnormal coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor to G protein is involved in the pathogenesis of the failing heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

function:Plays a role in mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Not required for microtubule nucleation. Recruits PDCD6IP and TSG101 to midbody during cytokinesis.,PTM:There is a hierachy of phosphorylation, where both Ser-425 and Ser-428 are phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis, prior to Ser-436. Phosphorylation at Ser-425 and Ser-428 is required for dissociation from the centrosome at the G2/M boundary. Phosphorylation at the 3 sites, Ser-425, Ser-428 and Ser-436, is required for protein function at the final stages of cell division to complete cytokinesis successfully.,subcellular location:Present at the centrosomes at interphase. A small portion is associated preferentially with the mother centriole, whereas the majority localizes to the pericentriolar material. During mitosis, loss of affinity for the centrosome at the onset of prophase and diffusion throughout the cell. This dissociation from the centrosome is phosphorylation-dependent. May remain localized at the centrosome during mitosis in certain cell types. Appears at the cleavage furrow in late anaphase and in the midbody in cytokinesis.,subunit:Homodimer. Interacts (phosphorylated on Ser-425 and Ser-428) with PLK1. Interacts with AKAP9; the interaction occurs in interphase and is lost upon mitotic entry. Interacts with PCNT; the interaction occurs in interphase and is lost upon mitotic entry. Interacts with PDCD6IP; the interaction is direct; CEP55 binds PDCD6IP in a 2:1 stoechiometry; PDCD6IP competes with TSG101 for the same binding site. Interacts with TSG101; TSG101 competes with PDCD6IP for the same binding site; interaction is required for cytokinesis but not for viral budding. Interacts with FAM125A, VPS37B, VPS37C and VPS28.,tissue specificity:Widely expressed, mostly in proliferative tissues. Highly expressed in testis. Intermediate levels in adult and fetal thymus, as well as in various cancer cell lines. Low levels in different parts of the digestive tract, bone marrow, lymph nodes, placenta, fetal heart and fetal spleen. Hardly detected in brain.,

catalytic activity:ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate.,function:Receptor for members of the ephrin-A family.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Ephrin receptor subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,similarity:Contains 1 SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain.,similarity:Contains 2 fibronectin type-III domains.,tissue specificity:Expressed in brain and testis.,

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. This olfactory receptor gene is a segregating pseudogene, where some individuals have an allele that encodes a functional olfactory receptor, while other individuals have an allele encoding a

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, hence plays a key role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least forty-one subunits that make up the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex. This complex is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and serves to catalyze the rotenone-sensitive oxidation of NADH and the reduction of ubiquinone. The encoded protein is one of three proteins found in the flavoprotein fraction of the complex. The specific function of the encoded protein is unknown. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a type-I membrane protein that is related to beta-glucosidases. Reduced production of this protein has been observed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), and this may be one of the factors underlying the degenerative processes (e.g., arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, and skin atrophy) seen in CRF. Also, mutations within this protein have been associated with ageing and bone loss. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1(WIPI1) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a WD40 repeat protein. Members of the WD40 repeat family are key components of many essential biologic functions. They regulate the assembly of multiprotein complexes by presenting a beta-propeller platform for simultaneous and reversible protein-protein interactions. Members of the WIPI subfamily of WD40 repeat proteins have a 7-bladed propeller structure and contain a conserved motif for interaction with phospholipids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016],

This gene encodes a member of the SLC25 family of nuclear-encoded transporters that are localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Members of this superfamily are involved in many metabolic pathways and cell functions. Genome-wide association studies in human have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several loci associated with obesity. This gene is one such locus, which is highly expressed in white adipose tissue and adipocytes, and thought to play a regulatory role in adipocyte differentiation and biology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A recent study showed this gene to be an authentic stop codon readthrough target, and that its mRNA can give rise to an additional C-terminally extended isoform by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015],

integrin subunit alpha M(ITGAM) Homo sapiens This gene encodes the integrin alpha M chain. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This I-domain containing alpha integrin combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as macrophage receptor 1 ('Mac-1'), or inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 3 ('CR3'). The alpha M beta 2 integrin is important in the adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to stimulated endothelium, and also in the phagocytosis of complement coated particles. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009],

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes. Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologs (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4).

dihydrouridine synthase 2(DUS2) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the conversion of uridine residues to dihydrouridine in the D-loop of tRNA. The resulting modified bases confer enhanced regional flexibility to tRNA. The encoded protein may increase the rate of translation by inhibiting an interferon-induced protein kinase. This gene has been implicated in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012],

This gene encodes a protein which is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce 2 subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This gene was identified by its ability to proteolytically cleave and activate the inactive precursor of interleukin-1, a cytokine involved in the processes such as inflammation, septic shock, and wound healing. This gene has been shown to induce cell apoptosis and may function in various developmental stages. Studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington disease. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012],

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It can bind as a monomer or as a homodimer to hormone response elements upstream of several genes to enhance the expression of those genes. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation, as well as with NM23-1, the product of a tumor metastasis suppressor candidate gene. Also, it has been shown to aid in the transcriptional regulation of some genes involved in circadian rhythm. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014],

This gene encodes a secreted extracellular matrix protein that functions in tissue development and regeneration, including wound healing, and ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. The encoded protein binds to integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. This protein plays a role in cancer stem cell maintenance and metastasis. Mice lacking this gene exhibit cardiac valve disease, and skeletal and dental defects. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015],

This gene encodes a member of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family of proteins. The encoded protein has been shown to promote neuronal differentiation by deglycination of the Notch receptor, which prevents receptor maturation and inhibits Notch signaling. This protein may also play a role in the unfolded protein response, and in regulation of glutathione levels and oxidative balance in the cell. Elevated expression of this gene may indicate increased risk of cancer recurrence among breast and ovarian cancer patients. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2016],

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that may be involved in meiosis. The encoded protein contains three leucine-rich repeat motifs. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012],

The protein encoded by this gene is similar in sequence and possibly function to the product of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene. The RB1 gene product is a tumor suppressor protein that appears to be involved in cell cycle regulation, as it is phosphorylated in the S to M phase transition and is dephosphorylated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Both the RB1 protein and the product of this gene can form a complex with adenovirus E1A protein and SV40 large T-antigen, with the SV40 large T-antigen binding only to the unphosphorylated form of each protein. In addition, both proteins can inhibit the transcription of cell cycle genes containing E2F binding sites in their promoters. Due to the sequence and biochemical similarities with the RB1 protein, it is thought that the protein encoded by this gene may also be a tumor suppressor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms hav

olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily D member 3(OR2D3) Homo sapiens Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

caution:It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-6 is the initiator.,disease:The soluble form (sCD163) in plasma is a novel parameter in diseases affecting macrophage function and monocyte/macrophage load in the body. The concentration of sCD163 is probably reflecting the number of macrophages of the 'alternative macrophage activation' phenotype with a high CD163 expression playing a major role in dampening the inflammatory response and scavenging components of damaged cells. This has initiated a number of clinical studies for evaluation of sCD163 as a disease marker in inflammatory conditions e.g. infection, autoimmune disease, transplantation, atherosclerosis and cancer.,domain:The SRCR domain 3 mediates calcium-sensitive interaction with hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes.,function:Acute phase-regulated receptor involved in clearance and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and may thereby protect tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. May play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme. Binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner. Exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP*1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP*1S phenotype. Induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1. Isoform 3 exhibits the higher capacity for ligand endocytosis and the more pronounced surface expression when expressed in cells.,function:After shedding, the soluble form (sCD163) may play an anti-inflammatory role, and may be a valuable diagnostic parameter for monitoring macrophage activation in inflammatory conditions.,induction:Induced by anti-inflammatory mediators such as glucocorticoids, IL6 and IL10; suppressed by proinflammatory mediators like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Interferon gamma/IFNG, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.,miscellaneous:Intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a rapid rise of sCD163 in plasma of patient as it induces metalloproteinase-mediated shedding from monocytes surface. Long-term LPS infusion finally increases expression of the membrane-bound form on circulating monocytes.,PTM:A soluble form (sCD163) is produced by proteolytic shedding which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide, phorbol ester and Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma. This cleavage is dependent on protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases and can be blocked by protease inhibitors. The shedding is inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP3, and thus probably induced by membrane-bound metalloproteinases ADAMs.,PTM:Phosphorylated.,similarity:Contains 9 SRCR domains.,subcellular location:Isoform 1 and isoform 2 show a lower surface expression when expressed in cells.,subunit:Interacts with CSNK2B.,tissue specificity:Expressed in monocytes and mature macrophages such as Kupffer cells in the liver, red pulp macrophages in the spleen, cortical macrophages in the thymus, resident bone marrow macrophages and meningeal macrophages of the central nervous system. Expressed also in blood. Isoform 1 is the lowest abundant in the blood. Isoform 2 is the lowest abundant in the liver and the spleen. Isoform 3 is the predominant isoform detected in the blood.,

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules involved in both gene silencing and higher order chromatin structure. All three HP1 family members (α, β, and γ) are primarily associated with centromeric heterochromatin.

This gene encodes a member of the heat shock protein 90 family; these proteins are involved in signal transduction, protein folding and degradation and morphological evolution. This gene encodes the constitutive form of the cytosolic 90 kDa heat-shock protein and is thought to play a role in gastric apoptosis and inflammation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012],

function:Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rap1A, Rap2A and M-Ras GTPases. Does not interact with cAMP.,PTM:Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.,similarity:Contains 1 cyclic nucleotide-binding domain.,similarity:Contains 1 N-terminal Ras-GEF domain.,similarity:Contains 1 PDZ (DHR) domain.,similarity:Contains 1 Ras-associating domain.,similarity:Contains 1 Ras-GEF domain.,subcellular location:Upon binding to M-Ras, it translocates to the plasma membrane.,subunit:Interacts with the second PDZ domain of human PTP1e.,tissue specificity:Isoform 3 has highest expression levels in the brain, heart, liver, lung and placenta and is barely detectable in skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.,

This gene encodes a member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. The encoded protein forms the ion pore region of the voltage-gated sodium channel. This protein is essential for the rapid membrane depolarization that occurs during the formation of the action potential in excitable neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with mental retardation, pancerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2010],

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like (MAGUK) protein family which is characterized by members having multiple PDZ domains, a single SH3 domain, and a single guanylate kinase-like (GUK)-domain. In addition, members of the zonula occludens protein subfamily have an acidic domain, a basic arginine-rich region, and a proline-rich domain. The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and tight-junctions and also sequesters cyclin D1 at tight junctions during mitosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. This gene has a partial pseudogene on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012],

This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in gene structure and protein length yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene has abundant and specific expression in the kidney. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013],

This gene belongs to the chemokine-like factor gene superfamily, a novel family that is similar to the chemokine and the transmembrane 4 superfamilies of signaling molecules. The protein encoded by this gene may play an important role in testicular development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. Naturally occurring read-through transcription occurs between this locus and the neighboring locus CKLF (chemokine-like factor).[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011],

This gene encodes a member of the highly conserved cyclin C subfamily. The encoded protein tightly associates with cyclin-dependent kinase 9, and is a major subunit of positive transcription elongation factor b (p-TEFb). In humans, there are multiple forms of positive transcription elongation factor b, which may include one of several different cyclins along with cyclin-dependent kinase 9. The complex containing the encoded cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 acts as a cofactor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein, and is both necessary and sufficient for full activation of viral transcription. This cyclin and its kinase partner are also involved in triggering transcript elongation through phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit. Overexpression of this gene is implicated in tumor growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcrip

This gene product is the founding member of the evolutionarily conserved CAN (Cerberus and DAN) family of proteins, which contain a domain resembling the CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) motif found in a number of signaling molecules. These proteins are secreted, and act as BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) antagonists by binding to BMPs and preventing them from interacting with their receptors. They may thus play an important role during growth and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene. Read-through transcripts between this locus and the upstream mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system 1 gene (GeneID 440574) have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013],

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and was originally isolated as an HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. This protein is a histone acetylase that has a role in DNA repair and apoptosis and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

function:May have a role in checkpoint signaling during mitosis (By similarity). Enhances TP53-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a role in the response to DNA damage.,PTM:Asymmetrically dimethylated on Arg residues by PRMT1. Methylation is required for DNA binding.,PTM:Phosphorylated at basal level in the absence of DNA damage. Hyper-phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Hyper-phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to DNA damage induced by UV irradiation.,similarity:Contains 2 BRCT domains.,subcellular location:Associated with kinetochores. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic in some cells. Recruited to sites of DNA damage, such as double stand breaks. Methylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-20' is required for efficient localization to double strand breaks.,subunit:Interacts with IFI202A (By similarity). Binds to the central domain of TP53/p53. May form homo-oligomers. Interacts with DCLRE1C. Interacts with histone H2AFX and this requires phosphorylation of H2AFX on 'Ser-139'. Interacts with histone H4 that has been dimethylated at 'Lys-20'. Has low affinity for histone H4 containing monomethylated 'Lys-20'. Does not bind histone H4 containing unmethylated or trimethylated 'Lys-20'. Has low affinity for histone H3 that has been dimethylated on 'Lys-79'. Has very low affinity for histone H3 that has been monomethylated on 'Lys-79' (in vitro). Does not bind unmethylated histone H3.,

Small G proteins, such as GTPBP5, act as molecular switches that play crucial roles in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes such as protein synthesis, nuclear transport, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction (Hirano et al., 2006 [PubMed 17054726]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

attractin(ATRN) Homo sapiens This gene encodes both membrane-bound and secreted protein isoforms. A membrane-bound isoform exhibits sequence similarity with the mouse mahogany protein, a receptor involved in controlling obesity. A secreted isoform is involved in the initial immune cell clustering during inflammatory responses that may regulate the chemotactic activity of chemokines. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016],

COL23A1 is a member of the transmembrane collagens, a subfamily of the nonfibrillar collagens that contain a single pass hydrophobic transmembrane domain (Banyard et al., 2003 [PubMed 12644459]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in energy homeostasis and is an important serum marker for myocardial infarction. The encoded protein reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. It acts as a homodimer in striated muscle as well as in other tissues, and as a heterodimer with a similar brain isozyme in heart. The encoded protein is a member of the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase protein family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

function:Probably plays a regulatory role in sperm development. May participate in regulation of fibrous sheath (FS) assembly by supporting the formation of disulfide bonds during sperm tail morphogenesis. May also be required to rectify incorrect disulfide pairing and generate suitable pairs between the FS constituents. Can reduce disulfide bonds in vitro in the presence of NADP and thioredoxin reductase.,similarity:Contains 1 thioredoxin domain.,subcellular location:In ejaculated spermatozoa, it localizes in the caudal region of the head to the end of the principal piece.,tissue specificity:Testis-specific. Only expressed during spermiogenesis, prominently in round and elongating spermatids.,

The product of this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. It encodes the branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase which is involved in the degradation of long branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates in peroxisomes. Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates, and may lead to Zellweger syndrome, severe mental retardation, and death in children. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009],

This gene belongs to the ETS transcription factor family. ETS family members have a highly conserved 85-amino acid ETS domain that binds purine-rich DNA sequences. The alanine-rich C-terminus of this gene indicates that it may act as a transcription repressor. This gene is exclusively expressed in neurons of the central serotonin (5-HT) system, a system implicated in the pathogeny of such psychiatric diseases as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. In some types of Ewing tumors, this gene is fused to the Ewing sarcoma (EWS) gene following chromosome translocations. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex, a multiple protein complex essential for targeting exocytic vesicles to specific docking sites on the plasma membrane. Though best characterized in yeast, the component proteins and functions of exocyst complex have been demonstrated to be highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. At least eight components of the exocyst complex, including this protein, are found to interact with the actin cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicle transport machinery. The complex is also essential for the biogenesis of epithelial cell surface polarity. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011],

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member binds both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors and is involved in limb induction. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome,

This gene encodes an enzyme which is involved in the initial stages of the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. The encoded protein is a membrane-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein which is active against 7-alpha hydrosylated sterol substrates. Mutations in this gene are associated with a congenital bile acid synthesis defect which leads to neonatal cholestasis, a form of progressive liver disease. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008],

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014],

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine was shown to specifically inhibit the activation of NF-kappaB induced by interleukin 1 family, member 6 (IL1F6). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins, a family of 50 to 100 proteins, are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the nucleoporin family and is associated with the oncogenic nucleoporin CAN/Nup214 in a dynamic subcomplex. This protein is also overexpressed in a large number of malignant neoplasms and precancerous dysplasias. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016],

This gene encodes a protein containing N-terminal ankyrin repeats which function in protein-protein interactions. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia-2. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 7, 10, 13 and 16. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011],

The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and G protein-coupled receptor. The encoded protein is similar in sequence to another G protein-coupled receptor (GPR7), and it is structurally similar to opioid and somatostatin receptors. This protein binds neuropeptides B and W. This gene is intronless and is expressed primarily in the frontal cortex of the brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase superfamily and the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene contains two N-terminal doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules and regulate microtubule polymerization, a C-terminal serine/threonine protein kinase domain, which shows substantial homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and a serine/proline-rich domain in between the doublecortin and the protein kinase domains, which mediates multiple protein-protein interactions. The microtubule-polymerizing activity of the encoded protein is independent of its protein kinase activity. Mouse studies show that the DCX gene, another family member, and this gene share function in the establishment of hippocampal organization and that their absence results in a severe epileptic phenotype and lethality, as described in human patients with lissencephaly. Multiple alterna

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family, and it acts as a urate transporter to regulate urate levels in blood. This protein is an integral membrane protein primarily found in epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. An elevated level of serum urate, hyperuricemia, is associated with increased incidences of gout, and mutations in this gene cause renal hypouricemia type 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013],

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L15E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. This gene shares sequence similarity with the yeast ribosomal protein YL10 gene. Although this gene has been referred to as RPL10, its official symbol is RPL15. This gene has been shown to be overexpressed in some esophageal tumors compared to normal matched tissues. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011],

The product of this gene belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. This family of proteins is responsible for enhancing the turnover rate of actin in vivo. This gene encodes the actin depolymerizing protein that severs actin filaments (F-actin) and binds to actin monomers (G-actin). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S15P family. The encoded protein is more than two times the size of its E. coli counterpart, with the 12S rRNA binding sites conserved. Between human and mouse, the encod

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family. This protein is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. It is involved in redox regulation of the cell; it can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. It may play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

alternative products:Additional isoforms seem to exist. Experimental confirmation may be lacking for some isoforms,catalytic activity:Nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate.,function:Hydrolyzes both cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).,similarity:Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.,similarity:Contains 2 GAF domains.,subunit:Homodimer.,tissue specificity:Expressed in brain and to a lesser extent in heart, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.,

caution:It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-25 is the initiator.,function:Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates.,similarity:Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family.,

catalytic activity:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R.,function:Glycosyltransferase that mediates core 2 O-glycan branching, an important step in mucin-type biosynthesis. Does not have core 4 O-glycan or I-branching enzyme activity.,online information:Core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3.,online information:GlycoGene database,pathway:Protein modification; protein glycosylation.,similarity:Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 14 family.,tissue specificity:Predominantly expressed in thymus. Weakly expressed in pancreas, peripheral blood leukocytes, placenta, small intestine and stomach. Barely detectable in liver, spleen, lung and lymph node.,

Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. There are alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene but the full length nature is not known yet. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a member of the netrin family of receptors. This particular protein mediates the repulsive effect of netrin-1 and is a vascular netrin receptor. This encoded protein is also in a group of proteins called dependence receptors (DpRs) which are involved in pro- and anti-apoptotic processes. Many DpRs are involved in embryogenesis and in cancer progression. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011],

catalytic activity:A phosphoprotein + H(2)O = a protein + phosphate.,similarity:Belongs to the PP2C family.,similarity:Contains 1 PP2C-like domain.,

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal POZ domain. This protein acts as a sequence-specific repressor of transcription, and has been shown to modulate the transcription of STAT-dependent IL-4 responses of B cells. This protein can interact with a variety of POZ-containing proteins that function as transcription corepressors. This gene is found to be frequently translocated and hypermutated in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of DLCL. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015],

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the homeodomain family of DNA binding proteins. It may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation and it may also play a role in the cell cycle progession. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011],

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a protein involved in the sorting of lysosomal proteins. Mutations in this gene are associated with ARCS2 (arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis-2). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010],

function:Subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase essential for assembly or catalytic function. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. This isoform is essential for energy coupling involved in acidification of acrosome.,similarity:Belongs to the V-ATPase e subunit family.,subunit:V-ATPase is an heteromultimeric enzyme composed of a peripheral catalytic V1 complex (components A to H) attached to an integral membrane V0 proton pore complex (components: a, c, c', c'' and d).,tissue specificity:Testis specific.,

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

Tubulin is one of several members of a small family of globular proteins. The most common members of the tubulin family are α-tubulin and β-tubulin, the proteins that make up microtubules. Each has a molecular weight of approximately 55 kiloDaltons. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α- and β-tubulin.

integrin subunit alpha 6(ITGA6) Homo sapiens The gene encodes a member of the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate light and heavy chains that comprise the alpha 6 subunit. This subunit may associate with a beta 1 or beta 4 subunit to form an integrin that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins including members of the laminin family. The alpha 6 beta 4 integrin may promote tumorigenesis, while the alpha 6 beta 1 integrin may negatively regulate erbB2/HER2 signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015],

T-box 20(TBX20) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a T-box family member. The T-box family members share a common DNA binding domain, termed the T-box, and they are transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is essential for heart development. Mutations in this gene are associated with diverse cardiac pathologies, including defects in septation, valvulogenesis and cardiomyopathy. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009],

Modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin is an essential regulatory mechanism controlled by the coordinated action of multiple ubiquitin-conjugating and deubiquitinating enzymes. USP44 belongs to a large family of cysteine proteases that function as deubiquitinating enzymes (Quesada et al., 2004 [PubMed 14715245]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],

domain:The N-terminal region is required for nuclear localization and the C-terminal region mediates transcriptional activity.,function:Acts as a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF). Required for skeletal myogenic differentiation.,PTM:O-glycosylated.,similarity:Contains 1 SAP domain.,similarity:Contains 3 RPEL repeats.,subunit:Interacts with MKL1 and SRF.,