Primary Antibodies

<p>This gene encodes an extracellular matrix protein, which belongs to the fibulin family. This protein binds various extracellular ligands and calcium. It may play a role during organ development, in particular, during the differentiation of heart, skeletal and neuronal structures. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>developmental stage:Expressed in fetal brain.,function:Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate.,similarity:Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily.,tissue specificity:Predominantly expressed in adult brain. Expressed in amygdala, caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex, frontal lobe, hippocampus, medulla, occipital lobe, puteman, spinal cord, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, temporal lobe and thalamus.,</p>

<p>domain:An N-terminal amphipathic helix, the BAR domain and a second amphipathic helix inserted into helix 1 of the BAR domain (N-BAR domain) induce membrane curvature and bind curved membranes.,function:Implicated in endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature.,similarity:Belongs to the endophilin family.,similarity:Contains 1 BAR domain.,similarity:Contains 1 SH3 domain.,subcellular location:Associated with postsynaptic endosomes in hippocampal neurons. Associated with presynaptic endosomes in olfactory neurons.,subunit:Interacts with ARC (By similarity). Interacts with DNM1, SGIP1 and SYNJ1. Interacts with the huntingtin exon 1 protein (HDEX1P) containing a glutamine repeat in the pathological range and promotes formation of insoluble polyglutamine-containing aggregates in vivo.,tissue specificity:Brain and testis.,</p>

<p>function:Collaborates with cep110, being involved in the suppression of a cilia assembly program. Required for correct spindle formation and has a role in cytokinesis. Required for recruitment of cep110 to the centrosome.,PTM:Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.,similarity:Contains 1 IQ domain.,similarity:Contains 6 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats.,subunit:Interacts with CALM1 and CEP110.,</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of nitric oxide synthases, which synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical, which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission, and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, nitric oxide displays many properties of a neurotransmitter, and has been implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. This protein is ubiquitously expressed, with high level of expression in skeletal muscle. Multiple transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of these transcripts is not known. Additionally, alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein which is phosphorylated by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009],</p>

<p>disease:Defects in RAD54B may be a cause of tumor formation. Homozygous mutations at highly conserved position of RAD54B were observed in human primary lymphoma and colon cancer. These findings suggest that some cancers arise through defects of the RAD54B function.,function:Involved in DNA repair and mitotic recombination. May play an active role in recombination processes in concert with other members of the RAD52 epistasis group.,similarity:Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.,similarity:Contains 1 helicase ATP-binding domain.,similarity:Contains 1 helicase C-terminal domain.,subunit:Interacts with RAD51 through the NH2-terminal domain. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that the interaction is constitutive and not induced by ionizing radiation. The interaction may be indirect.,tissue specificity:Abundantly expressed in testis and spleen. Relatively low levels observed in thymus, prostate, ovary and colon.,</p>

<p>ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like proteins (ARLs) comprise a functionally distinct group of the ARF family of RAS-related GTPases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to ARL2.GTP with high affinity but does not interact with ARL2.GDP, activated ARF, or RHO proteins. The lack of detectable membrane association of this protein or ARL2 upon activation of ARL2 is suggestive of actions distinct from those of the ARFs. This protein is considered to be the first ARL2-specific effector identified, due to its interaction with ARL2.GTP but lack of ARL2 GTPase-activating protein activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>function:Involved in self-renewal property of ES cells (By similarity). May be involved in transcriptional regulation.,induction:Down-regulation upon retinoic acid addition to F9 stem cells.,similarity:Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.,similarity:Contains 4 C2H2-type zinc fingers.,tissue specificity:Expressed in kidney, epidermal keratinocytes, prostate epithelial cells, bronchial and small airway lung epithelial cells (at protein level). Expressed in malignant kidney and several carcinoma cell lines (at protein level). Expressed in embryonic stem cells, kidney, epidermal keratinocytes, prostate epithelial cells, bronchial and small airway lung epithelial cells. Expressed in embryonal carcinomas, seminomas, malignant kidney and several carcinoma cell lines.,</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein related to talin 1, a cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in the assembly of actin filaments and in spreading and migration of various cell types, including fibroblasts and osteoclasts. This protein has a different pattern of expression compared to talin 1 but, like talin 1, is thought to associate with unique transmembrane receptors to form novel linkages between extracellular matrices and the actin cytoskeleton. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator of several genes, including insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, islet amyloid polypeptide, and glucose transporter type 2. The encoded nuclear protein is involved in the early development of the pancreas and plays a major role in glucose-dependent regulation of insulin gene expression. Defects in this gene are a cause of pancreatic agenesis, which can lead to early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), as well as maturity onset diabetes of the young type 4 (MODY4). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>induction:By retinoic acid; in promyelocytic leukemia NB4 and in myeloblast HL-60 cell lines. Activated by IFN-alpha in monocytic cell line U-937 and in peripheral blood monocyte cells.,similarity:Contains 1 UPAR/Ly6 domain.,tissue specificity:Widely expressed, predominantly in liver, kidney, ovary, spleen and peripheral blood Leukocytes.,</p>

<p>function:May be involved in transcriptional regulation.,PTM:Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.,similarity:Belongs to the TFS-II family. TFA subfamily.,</p>

<p>The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a gamma isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>function:Seems to play a role in p53-mediated apoptosis induction.,induction:Induced by DNA damage.,PTM:Phosphorylated on Thr by MAPK11 or MAPK14.,PTM:Stres-induced ZNHIT1 is mainly regulated at the level of protein.,similarity:Belongs to the ZNHIT1 family.,similarity:Contains 1 HIT-type zinc finger.,subunit:Interacts with MAPK11 and MAPK14. Component of the chromatin-remodeling SRCAP complex composed of at least SRCAP, DMAP1, RUVBL1, RUVBL2, ACTL6A, YEATS4, ACTR6 and ZNHIT1.,</p>

<p>This gene encodes a component of the mediator complex (also known as TRAP, SMCC, DRIP, or ARC), a transcriptional coactivator complex thought to be required for the expression of almost all genes. The mediator complex is recruited by transcriptional activators or nuclear receptors to induce gene expression, possibly by interacting with RNA polymerase II and promoting the formation of a transcriptional pre-initiation complex. The product of this gene is proposed to form a sub-complex with MED12, cyclin C, and CDK8 that can negatively regulate transactivation by mediator. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a receptor that belongs to the protein tyrosine kinase Tie2 family. The encoded protein possesses a unique extracellular region that contains two immunoglobulin-like domains, three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and three fibronectin type III repeats. The ligand angiopoietin-1 binds to this receptor and mediates a signaling pathway that functions in embryonic vascular development. Mutations in this gene are associated with inherited venous malformations of the skin and mucous membranes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014],</p>

<p>This locus encodes an AT-rich DNA interacting domain-containing protein. The encoded protein is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and may play a role in cell-cycle activation. The protein encoded by this locus is similar to AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A. These two proteins function as alternative, mutually exclusive ARID-subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. The associated complexes play opposing roles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that belongs to the amidinotransferase family. This enzyme is involved in creatine biosynthesis, whereby it catalyzes the transfer of a guanido group from L-arginine to glycine, resulting in guanidinoacetic acid, the immediate precursor of creatine. Mutations in this gene cause arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency, an inborn error of creatine synthesis characterized by mental retardation, language impairment, and behavioral disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This is one of two genes encoding similar enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachinodate to prostaglandin. The encoded protein regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. Based on its ability to function as both a cyclooxygenase and as a peroxidase, the encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein. The protein may promote cell proliferation during tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014],</p>

<p>similarity:Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.,similarity:Contains 1 B box-type zinc finger.,similarity:Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger.,</p>

<p>catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,cofactor:Magnesium.,enzyme regulation:Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-208 by STK11 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRAD alpha) pseudo kinase and CAB39.,function:Stress-activated kinase involved in tolerance to glucose starvation. Induces cell-cell detachment by increasing F-actin conversion to G-actin. Expression is induced by CD95 or TNF-alpha, via NF-kappa-B. Protects cells from CD95-mediated apoptosis and is required for the increased motility and invasiveness of CD95-activated tumor cells.,PTM:Autophosphorylated in vitro.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,</p>

<p>This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which is characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>TAS2R43 belongs to the large TAS2R receptor family. TAS2Rs are expressed on the surface of taste receptor cells and mediate the perception of bitterness through a G protein-coupled second messenger pathway (Conte et al., 2002 [PubMed 12584440]). For further information on TAS2Rs, see MIM 604791.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009],</p>

<p>catalytic activity:ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.,function:Phosphorylates and activates not only PKB/AKT, but also PKA, PKC-zeta, RPS6KA1 and RPS6KB1. May play a general role in signaling processes and in development (By similarity). Isoform 3 is catalytically inactive.,PTM:Phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine/threonine. Phosphorylation on Ser-241 in the activation loop is required for full activity. PDK1 itself can autophosphorylate Ser-241, leading to its own activation.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDK1 subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 PH domain.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,subcellular location:Membrane-associated after cell stimulation leading to its translocation. Tyrosine phosphorylation seems to occur only at the plasma membrane.,subunit:Interacts with TUSC4.,tissue specificity:Appears to be expressed ubiquitously.,</p>

<p>This gene is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. It encodes a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric coat assembly protein complex 2 (AP2), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. The encoded protein is required for the activity of a vacuolar ATPase, which is responsible for proton pumping occurring in the acidification of endosomes and lysosomes. The encoded protein may also play an important role in regulating the intracellular trafficking and function of CTLA-4 protein. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015],</p>

<p>catalytic activity:Release of N-terminal glutamate (and to a lesser extent aspartate) from a peptide.,cofactor:Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit.,function:Appears to have a role in the catabolic pathway of the renin-angiotensin system. Probably plays a role in regulating growth and differentiation of early B-lineage cells.,similarity:Belongs to the peptidase M1 family.,subunit:Homodimer; disulfide-linked.,tissue specificity:Expressed by epithelial cells of the proximal tubule cells and the glomerulus of the nephron. Also found in a variety of other tissues.,</p>

<p>This gene is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family activate Rho proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with RhoA within the cell nucleus and may play a role in repairing DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 7 and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012],</p>

<p>This gene is similar to the MAB-21 cell fate-determining gene found in C. elegans. It may be involved in eye and cerebellum development, and it has been proposed that expansion of a trinucleotide repeat region in the 5' UTR may play a role in a variety of psychiatric disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of a subfamily of LIM proteins, characterized by a LIM motif and a domain of Src homology region 3, and also a member of the nebulin family of actin-binding proteins. The encoded protein is a cAMP and cGMP dependent signaling protein and binds to the actin cytoskeleton at extensions of the cell membrane. The encoded protein has been linked to metastatic breast cancer, hematopoetic tumors such as B-cell lymphomas, and colorectal cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012],</p>

<p>ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1(RPS6KA1) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. This kinase contains 2 nonidentical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The activity of this protein has been implicated in controlling cell growth and differentiation. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily J member 2(OR1J2) Homo sapiens Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. The gene product contains C2H2-type domains, which are the classical zinc finger domains found in numerous nucleic acid-binding proteins. This protein functions as a regulator of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript variant composed of ZFP91 and the downstream CNTF gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding. Read-through transcription of ZFP91 and CNTF has also been observed in mouse. A ZFP91-related pseudogene has also been identified on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010],</p>

<p>This gene encodes the pro-alpha2 chain of type I collagen whose triple helix comprises two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain. Type I is a fibril-forming collagen found in most connective tissues and is abundant in bone, cornea, dermis and tendon. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta types I-IV, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB, recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Classical type, idiopathic osteoporosis, and atypical Marfan syndrome. Symptoms associated with mutations in this gene, however, tend to be less severe than mutations in the gene for the alpha1 chain of type I collagen (COL1A1) reflecting the different role of alpha2 chains in matrix integrity. Three transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene. [provided by R. Dalgleish, Feb 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. This protein is proteolytically cleaved into alpha and beta subunits that form a heterodimeric complex. The N-terminal alpha subunit functions in cell-adhesion and the C-terminal beta subunit is involved in cell signaling. Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in glycosylation of this protein have been associated with carcinomas. This gene is known to contain a highly polymorphic variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) domain. Alternate sp</p>

<p>The epsilon globin gene (HBE) is normally expressed in the embryonic yolk sac: two epsilon chains together with two zeta chains (an alpha-like globin) constitute the embryonic hemoglobin Hb Gower I; two epsilon chains together with two alpha chains form the embryonic Hb Gower II. Both of these embryonic hemoglobins are normally supplanted by fetal, and later, adult hemoglobin. The five beta-like globin genes are found within a 45 kb cluster on chromosome 11 in the following order: 5'-epsilon - G-gamma - A-gamma - delta - beta-3' [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.[provided by RefSeq, May 2009],</p>

<p>Eukaryotic protein kinases are enzymes that belong to a very extensive family of proteins which share a conserved catalytic core common with both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. This gene encodes an intestinal serine/threonine kinase harboring a dual phosphorylation site found in mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinases. The protein localizes to the intestinal crypt region and is thought to be important in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding the same isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Other studies indicate that H2O2 is also essential for growth-factor mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial function, and maintenance of thiol redox-balance; therefore, by limiting H2O2 accumulation, glutathione peroxidases are also involved in modulating these processes. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is the most abundant, is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the cytoplasm, and whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. It is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA cod</p>

<p>Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shab-related subfamily. This member is a delayed rectifier potassium channel and its activity is modulated by some other family members. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase that cleaves vasopressin, oxytocin, lys-bradykinin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin A and other peptide hormones. The protein can be secreted in maternal serum, reside in intracellular vesicles with the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4, or form a type II integral membrane glycoprotein. The protein catalyzes the final step in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin IV (AT4) and is also a receptor for AT4. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>