Primary Antibodies

This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme cleaves amino-terminal propeptides from type I procollagen, a necessary step in the formation of collagen fibers. Mutations in this gene may be associated with osteoarthritis in human patients. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016],

caution:Could be the product of a pseudogene.,similarity:Belongs to the TCTP family.,

This gene encodes a member of the fatty acid transport protein family (FATP). FATPs are involved in the uptake of long-chain fatty acids and have unique expression patterns. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 5(RGPD5) Homo sapiens RAN is a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily that is associated with the nuclear membrane and is thought to control a variety of cellular functions through its interactions with other proteins. This gene shares a high degree of sequence identity with RANBP2, a large RAN-binding protein localized at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. It is believed that this RANBP2 gene family member arose from a duplication event 3 Mb distal to RANBP2. Alternative splicing has been observed for this locus and two variants are described. Additional splicing is suggested but complete sequence for further transcripts has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes an oxygen-binding protein that is distantly related to members of the globin gene family. It is highly conserved among other vertebrates. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system where it may be involved in increasing oxygen availability and providing protection under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

p53 plays a major role in the cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. The activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, or apoptosis. p53 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo and by several different protein kinases in vitro.

Death-associated protein kinase 1 is a positive mediator of gamma-interferon induced programmed cell death. DAPK1 encodes a structurally unique 160-kD calmodulin dependent serine-threonine kinase that carries 8 ankyrin repeats and 2 putative P-loop consensus sites. It is a tumor suppressor candidate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013],

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the protein kinase superfamily. This protein is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016],

function:Receptor for N-arachidonyl glycine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. May contribute to regulation of the immune system.,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.,tissue specificity:Most abundant in testis and spleen. Highly expressed in CD4 and CD8-positive T-cells as well as CD19-positive B-cells.,

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the shugoshin family of proteins. This protein is thought to protect centromeric cohesin from cleavage during mitotic prophase by preventing phosphorylation of a cohesin subunit. Reduced expression of this gene leads to the premature loss of centromeric cohesion, mis-segregation of sister chromatids, and mitotic arrest. Evidence suggests that this protein also protects a small subset of cohesin found along the length of the chromosome arms during mitotic prophase. An isoform lacking exon 6 has been shown to play a role in the cohesion of centrioles (PMID: 16582621 and PMID:18331714). Mutations in this gene have been associated with Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia (CAID) syndrome, characterized by the co-occurrence of Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) and Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) within the first four decades of life (PMID:25282101). Fibro

function:Orphan receptor.,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.,

similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.,

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by glucocorticoids and some pharmacological agents. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of approximately half the drugs in use today, including acetaminophen, codeine, cyclosporin A, diazepam and erythromycin. The enzyme also metabolizes some steroids and carcinogens. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Previously another CYP3A gene, CYP3A3, was thought to exist; however, it is now thought that this sequence represents a transcript variant of CYP3A4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isofor

function:May play an important role in neural organelle transport, and in transduction of nerve signals or in nerve growth. May play a role in neurite extension.,similarity:Belongs to the VMP family.,subcellular location:Localizes mainly to neurites.,tissue specificity:Expressed in brain. Not detectable in other tissues tested.,

function:Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions.,PTM:Phosphorylated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner (from the S phase until mitosis). Phosphorylated by ATR upon DNA damage, which promotes its translocation to nuclear foci. Can be phosphorylated in vitro by PRKDC/DNA-PK in the presence of Ku and DNA, and by CDC2.,subcellular location:Also present in PML nuclear bodies. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage.,subunit:Heterotrimer of 70, 32 and 14 kDa chains. The DNA-binding activity may reside exclusively on the 70 kDa subunit. Binds to SERTAD3/RBT1. Interacts with TIPIN.,

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the IL10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes. It can bind the IL20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009],

function:Transcriptional suppressor. May suppress UBP1-mediated transcriptional activation. Modulates the placental expression of CYP11A1.,similarity:Belongs to the grh/CP2 family. CP2 subfamily.,tissue specificity:Highly expressed in placental JEG-3 cells and very low levels of expression in non-steroidogenic cells. No expression was seen in adrenal NCI-H295A cells or in adrenal tissue.,

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the large DEAD-box protein family, that is defined by the presence of the conserved Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) motif, and has ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. This protein has been reported to display a high level of RNA-independent ATPase activity, and unlike most DEAD-box helicases, the ATPase activity is thought to be stimulated by both RNA and DNA. This protein has multiple conserved domains and is thought to play roles in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear roles include transcriptional regulation, mRNP assembly, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA export. In the cytoplasm, this protein is thought to be involved in translation, cellular signaling, and viral replication. Misregulation of this gene has been implicated in tumorigenesis. This gene has a paralog located in the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome. Pseudogenes sharing similarit

This gene encodes a steroid binding protein that was first described as a plasma protein secreted by the liver but is now thought to participate in the regulation of steroid responses. The encoded protein transports androgens and estrogens in the blood, binding each steroid molecule as a dimer formed from identical or nearly identical monomers. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014],

This gene encodes a transcriptional co-repressor protein that belongs to the transducin-like enhancer family of proteins. The members of this family function in the Notch signaling pathway that regulates determination of cell fate during development. Expression of this gene has been associated with a favorable outcome to chemotherapy with taxanes for ovarian carcinoma. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Additional alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2013],

function:The precise role of eIF-5A in protein biosynthesis is not known but it functions by promoting the formation of the first peptide bond.,PTM:eIF-5A seems to be the only eukaryotic protein to have an hypusine residue which is a post-translational modification of a lysine by the addition of a butylamino group (from spermidine).,similarity:Belongs to the eIF-5A family.,tissue specificity:Expressed in ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines (at protein level). Highly expressed in testis. Overexpressed in some cancer cells.,

CSS3 is a glycosyltransferase that has both glucuronyltransferase and N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activities (Yada et al., 2003 [PubMed 12907687]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],

The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a delta isoform of the regulatory subunit B56 subfamily. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

caution:It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-8 is the initiator.,domain:Binds to DLG1 through its PDZ-binding motif.,function:Orphan receptor.,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 GPS domain.,similarity:Contains 1 Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domain.,similarity:Contains 5 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats.,subunit:Interacts with DLG1.,tissue specificity:Expressed in endothelial cells (at protein level). Abundantly expressed in tumor vessels, heart, placenta, ovary, small intestine, and colon.,

This gene encodes two proteins: sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) and sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2), as a result of transcription initiation from 2 independently regulated promoters. The transcript initiated from the proximal promoter encodes the longer SCPx protein, and the transcript initiated from the distal promoter encodes the shorter SCP2 protein, with the 2 proteins sharing a common C-terminus. Evidence suggests that the SCPx protein is a peroxisome-associated thiolase that is involved in the oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, while the SCP2 protein is thought to be an intracellular lipid transfer protein. This gene is highly expressed in organs involved in lipid metabolism, and may play a role in Zellweger syndrome, in which cells are deficient in peroxisomes and have impaired bile acid synthesis. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010],

This gene represents one of a cluster of several similar genes located on the q arm of chromosome X. The genes in this cluster encode members of the cancer/testis (CT) family of antigens, and are distinct from other CT antigens. These antigens are thought to be novel therapeutic targets for human cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014],

function:Plays a role in inhibiting the effects of BCL10-induced activation of NF-kappa-B. May inhibit the phosphorylation of BCL10 in a CARD-dependent manner.,PTM:Isoform 2 is phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.,similarity:Contains 1 CARD domain.,subcellular location:Co-expression with BCL10 induced translocation from nucleus to cytosol.,subunit:Associates with BCL10 by CARD-CARD interaction.,tissue specificity:Expressed in ovary, testis, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung, heart and liver (at protein level). Expressed in thymus and brain.,

Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase involved in the downstream regulation of dopaminergic signal transduction. Calcineurin is composed of a regulatory subunit and a catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of the regulatory subunits that has been found for calcineurin. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011],

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the carbonic anhydrase family of zinc metalloenzymes, which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in various biological processes. The protein encoded by this gene is an acatalytic member of the alpha-carbonic anhydrase subgroup, and it is thought to play a role in the central nervous system, especially in brain development. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene has been found to be recurrently rearranged in chromosomal translocation with two other genes - baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (also known as apoptosis inhibitor 2) and immunoglobulin heavy chain locus - in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. The protein encoded by this gene may play a role in NF-kappaB activation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene is a member of the N-myc downregulated gene family which belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein involved in stress responses, hormone responses, cell growth, and differentiation. The encoded protein is necessary for p53-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D, and expression of this gene may be a prognostic indicator for several types of cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012],

function:Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions.,PTM:Phosphorylated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner (from the S phase until mitosis). Phosphorylated by ATR upon DNA damage, which promotes its translocation to nuclear foci. Can be phosphorylated in vitro by PRKDC/DNA-PK in the presence of Ku and DNA, and by CDC2.,subcellular location:Also present in PML nuclear bodies. Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage.,subunit:Heterotrimer of 70, 32 and 14 kDa chains. The DNA-binding activity may reside exclusively on the 70 kDa subunit. Binds to SERTAD3/RBT1. Interacts with TIPIN.,

The neurotransmitter, serotonin, is thought to play a role in various cognitive and behavioral functions. The serotonin receptor encoded by this gene belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and the gene is a candidate locus for involvement in autistic disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Three splice variants have been identified which encode proteins that differ in the length of their carboxy terminal ends. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte function

This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded nuclear protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of melanoma and ovarian carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a novel calcium binding protein expressed in the epidermis and related to the calmodulin family of calcium binding proteins. Functional studies with recombinant protein demonstrate it does bind calcium and undergoes a conformational change when it does so. Abundant expression is detected only in reconstructed epidermis and is restricted to differentiating keratinocytes. In addition, it can associate with transglutaminase 3, shown to be a key enzyme in the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS) Homo sapiens This gene encodes an intermediary protein necessary in the virus-triggered beta interferon signaling pathways. It is required for activation of transcription factors which regulate expression of beta interferon and contributes to antiviral immunity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011],

The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is normally bound at the cell membrane and taken into the cell ending up in lysosomes where the protein is degraded and the cholesterol is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010],

PTM:Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.,

Exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones is fundamental to synaptic neurotransmission and cell-cell communication. RAB3A (MIM 179390) is a small G protein that is thought to act at late stages of exocytosis, and RPH3A is a RAB3A effector (Lin et al., 2007 [PubMed 17149709]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008],

Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Human aminopeptidase N is

This gene is a member of the MAD gene family . The MAD genes encode basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper proteins that heterodimerize with MAX protein, forming a transcriptional repression complex. The MAD proteins compete for MAX binding with MYC, which heterodimerizes with MAX forming a transcriptional activation complex. Studies in rodents suggest that the MAD genes are tumor suppressors and contribute to the regulation of cell growth in differentiating tissues. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],