Membrane Transport Protein

<p>Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that is used in the treatment of hypertension, liver cirrhosis, renal disease and heart failure. This drug acts on the kidney to increase water loss from the body. It inhibits electrolyte reabsorption. Furosemide also exerts vasodilatory effects.</p>

<p>Esomeprazole is an anti-ulcer drug that is used in the treatment of GERD and to reduce the risk of ulcers associated with NSAID’s. This drug is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses the release of gastric acid in the stomach.</p>

<p>Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is used to treat major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This drug inhibits the reuptake of serotonin which results in an increased synaptic concentration of serotonin in the CNS.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT1 and SGLT2</p>

<p>Selective and potent inhibitor of glucose transporter GLUT1 with IC50 of 2 nM. The compound limits glucose uptake and is able to block basal as well as stress-regulated glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. It supresses proliferation, viability and tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells.</p>

<p>Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. It is used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorders and cataplexy. Additionally, Clomipramine is shown to modulate immune activation and shows constant anti-inflammatory properties at therapeutic concentrations by consistently decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.</p>

<p>Reserpine is an indole alkaloid that is found in the roots of the Rauwolfia plant. Reserpine has been shown to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and anti-hypertensive properties. It is mainly used to treat mild to moderate hypertension. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles by irreversibly blocking the vesicular monoamine transporter thus resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It is used as a pharmacological tool in research on chronic liver diseases.</p>

<p>Elacridar is an inhibitor of ATP-dependent transport, which is mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Functioning as an oral bioenhancer, Elacridar addresses multiple drug resistance in tumors, a common challenge in cancer treatment often linked to changes in the expression of protein inhibitors. Inhibition of P-gp by Elacridar is a key mechanism behind its effectiveness. P-glycoprotein, a well-characterized human ABC transporter of the MDR/TAP subfamily, acts as an ATP-dependent efflux pump with broad substrate specificity. Its increased expression in the intestines can hinder drug absorption, leading to reduced bioavailability and inadequate therapeutic plasma concentrations. Elacridar addresses this challenge by inhibiting P-gp, thereby increasing the bioavailability of coadministered drugs. Overall, Elacridar emerges as a promising option for the treatment of solid tumors, offering a strategic approach to overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer therapy.</p>

<p>Revaprazan is a proton pump inhibitor drug that is used for the treatment of GERD and other conditions related to an excess in stomach acid production. This drug works by inhibiting the proton pump in the stomach lining known as the H+/K+-ATPase, resulting in a reduction of stomach acid and relief of symptoms.</p>

<p>Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug that is used to treat anxiety, pain, osteoarthritis and stress incontinence. This drug inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine so that there are increased levels of them in the synaptic cleft.</p>

<p>Probenecid is a uricosuric agent that is used to treat gout and hyperuricemia. This drug works by inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid in the renal tubes which results in more uric acid being passed out in the urine. By lowering uric acid levels, Probenecid helps prevent the formation of uric acid crystals in joints, reducing the risk of gout attacks. This drug can also be used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of sulphonylurea receptor SUR1; hypoglycemic agent</p>

<p>Dopamine reuptake inhibitor</p>

<p>Non-transportable inhibitor of GLT-1 glutamate transporter</p>

<p>Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; anti-depressant</p>

<p>P-glycoprotein (MDR1) inhibitor; non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog</p>

<p>Potent P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor</p>

<p>Methyl-d3-magnesium iodide solution, 1.0 M in diethyl ether, is a specialized organometallic reagent used extensively in synthetic chemistry. This compound is a labeled Grignard reagent, where the methyl group is fully deuterated. It is sourced through the synthesis involving the reaction of deuterated methyl iodide with magnesium in an anhydrous diethyl ether solvent.</p>