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2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycoside that is found in the flowers of the plant Eschscholzia californica. It is used as a localizer for bacterial strains and can be hydrolyzed by enzymes to release naphthalene. 2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to inhibit the growth of corynebacterium and diazonium salt, which may be due to its ability to bind to DNA and disrupt protein synthesis. The potential use of this molecule is for its insolubility, which prevents it from being absorbed by skin cells.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound derived from benzidine. DAB is water-soluble as the tetrahydrochloride salt and is used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins. Within research in Alzheimer's disease, Aβ protein amyloid plaques are targeted by a primary antibody, and subsequently by a secondary antibody, which is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme. This will bind DAB as a substrate and oxidize it, producing an easily observable brown colour. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate is also available as the tetrahydrochloride salt and as the free base.

2-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of glucosidases. Upon cleavage of the glycosidic bond by glucosidases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has high sensitivity and is widely used in a variety of applications, including drug discovery and enzyme kinetics studies.

Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for ?-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, ?-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

1-Naphthyl β-D-glucopyranoside can be used as a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidases. It can also be used as a fluorogenic substrate to study carbohydrate metabolism and in screening enzyme inhitibitors in pharmacologic research.

Chromogenic substrate for esterase with C9 activity yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining

Chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) yielding a magenta precipitate. It is used fordetection of GUS+ bacterial colonies as analternative to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-GlcA).

2-Nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside is a chemical compound that is used in the detection of ATP by chemiluminescence. It acts as a substrate for enzymes such as luciferase and catalase, which catalyze the oxidation of 2-nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside to phenol and carbon dioxide with the release of light. This reaction can be used in diagnostic applications such as detecting bacteria in culture media or diagnosing food spoilage. 2-Nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside can also be used as a conjugate to detect proteins or nucleic acids by fluorescence spectroscopy. The CAS number for this compound is 107772-06-1.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-1-acetate is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of esterase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-1-acetate is used in bacterial esterase activity assays (e.g. Pseudomonas spp.).

3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a highly active chromogenic substrate that can be used as a diagnostic tool in the food industry to determine whether or not milk has been adulterated with animal milk. This product is also used in environmental testing to detect bacteria and fungi. 3-Indoxyl phosphate, p-toluidine salt is a high purity, high quality conjugate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase.

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl a-D-maltotrioside (2CNP) is a potent hypoglycemic agent that has been shown to decrease postprandial blood glucose levels in humans. 2CNP is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. The transfer reactions of 2CNP are enhanced by benzalkonium chloride, which forms an organic complex with the drug. The optimum concentration for the hypoglycemic effect of 2CNP is determined to be 10 μM, which can be detected using an optical sensor. This compound also inhibits α-amylase and other enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, leading to the accumulation of glycogen and lowering the blood glucose level.

Chromogenic substrate for α-D-glucosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Also used for the detection of glucansucrases and for yeast α-D-glucosidase and for studies of the crystal structure of the complexes of concanavalin A.

Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for alpha-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

BIOSYNTH Culture Medium for the isolation andidentification of Escherichia coli O157:H7