Natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics

<p>Tacrolimus is a macrolide that is used as an immunosuppressive drug. It has been shown to bind to the FK-binding protein, which in turn inhibits calcineurin. This prevents the release of IL-2, TNF-α and other cytokines. The immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus have been evaluated using analytical methods such as coefficients, affinity, and monitoring techniques such as immunoassays and agglutination. These techniques are used to evaluate the plasma concentration of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus also binds to proteins in the blood samples and can be detected by turbidimetric or electrochemiluminescence immunoassay reagents.</p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mupirocin (M794000) impurity. (Mupirocin EP Impurity D) The rearrangement isomer of Mupirocin is prepared using an enzyme-catalyzed, selective deesterification.<br>References Sime, J.T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 28, 5169 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Appears to decompose in DMSO<br>Applications 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced in a plant-pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Beyer, M., et al.: Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 119, 153 (2007); Schiefer, H.B., et al.: Can. J. Comp. Med., 49, 315 (1985); Mirocha, C.J., et al.: App. Enviro.Microbiol., 55, 1315 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications A mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, inhibits protein synthesis.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ashraf, A.; et al.: Int. J. Biol. Biotechnol., 4, 391 (2007), Burlakoti, R., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 6513 (2008), Steinmetz, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4485 (2009), Zhang, Y., et al.: Phytopathol., 99, 95 (2009),<br></p>