Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>Man-1 N-glycan is a synthetic oligosaccharide with a sugar chain that is terminated by an alpha-D-mannose. It is synthesized using the Click reaction and modified with fluorine. This product can be used in glycosylation, or the addition of sugar chains to proteins or lipids. Man-1 N-Glycan has high purity and can be custom synthesized to order.</p>

<p>Carbomethoxyethylthioethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosylide that is custom synthesized for a high purity, complex carbohydrate. It is modified with methylation and fluorination. Click modification can be done on this product to provide a more stable molecule. Carbomethoxyethylthioethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D -glucopyranoside has CAS No. 87019-31 -6 and can be used in the synthesis of other compounds.</p>

<p>Globo-N-tetraose conjugated to HSA with acetyl-phenylenediamine spacer</p>

<p>Heparin is a polysaccharide consisting of repeating units of glucosamine and glucuronic acid that has been shown to have anti-coagulant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Heparin disaccharide III-H disodium salt is a heparin disaccharide that has been modified by the addition of sodium ions. This heparin disaccharide has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of leukaemia cells in vitro, which may be due to its inhibition of DNA synthesis or cell cycle progression. The mechanism by which this heparin disaccharide inhibits cell growth is not yet known. Research into this mechanism could lead to new treatments for cancer and other diseases.</p>

<p>Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Gal Conjugated to BSA via Biotin &amp; an aminophenyl ethyl spacer</p>

<p>Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) is a glycolipid that has been shown to be an activator of the protein growth factor-β1. It is involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and may have potential as a biomarker for cancer. Gb3 is also a drug transporter and it has been shown to have long-term efficacy in the treatment of sarcoidosis. Gb3 has been found in high concentrations in patients with HIV infection, suggesting that it may play a role in HIV replication. Studies have also shown that Gb3 may be involved in cardiac pathology and its structural analysis can help in understanding its function. Symptoms or conditions associated with elevated levels of globotriaosylceramide include: <br>• Carcinoma<br>• Cardiac disease<br>• Infectious diseases<br>• HIV infection</p>

<p>Hepta-O-acetyl-b-Lactosyl-N-Fmoc-L-threonine is a substance that can be used for the diagnosis of radiation exposure. It is a liquid that is injected into the body, where it accumulates in tissues such as bone marrow. The presence of Hepta-O-acetyl-b-Lactosyl-N-Fmoc-L-threonine in bone marrow cells can be detected using an imaging technique called balloon injury. This liquid also has synergistic effects with radiation and may be useful for the treatment of diseases such as thrombolysis.</p>

<p>Heparin derived dp20 saccharide ammonium salt is a synthetic, high purity, complex carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. It is a polysaccharide composed of repeating units of D-glucosamine and D-mannose, which are linked by alternating alpha 1-6 and alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds. This product can be used as a monosaccharide or sugar in the synthesis of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.</p>

<p>The core trisaccharide of the ganglioside GD2,protected with a propargyl glycoside group, is the most prominent alkynyl glycoside used in oligosaccharide synthesis (Das, 2016). The structure (sodium salt) comprises (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) of its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors including neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).</p>

<p>Methyl 6-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is a white crystalline solid that belongs to the category of carbohydrates. It is a synthetic carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 496.06 and a CAS number of 3489-94-3. This product has been custom synthesized for research purposes, and can be purchased in high purity (&gt;98%) from various suppliers. It is an oligosaccharide that contains a single sugar unit, which is galactose. This product has been modified with fluorination and methylation to prevent hydrolysis by esterases and glucuronidases, respectively. It also has glycosylation sites on the terminal glucose residues that allow for further modification with other carbohydrates or proteins. The methyl 6-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside can be used as an affinity ligand</p>

<p>Sialyl-Lex-hexa-APD-HSA is a high purity synthetic glycosylation that is custom synthesized. It has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click modification. Sialyl-Lex-hexa-APD-HSA can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and is available in CAS Number: 75869-57-3.</p>

<p>This is a custom synthesis of a polysaccharide.</p>

<p>Lacto-N-difucohexaose I-APD-HSA is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 5,000 Da. It is modified with fluorine and methyl groups at the C6 and C1 positions. Lacto-N-difucohexaose I-APD-HSA is synthesized by click chemistry and has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. This sugar can be modified by glycosylation or carbohydrate modification.</p>

<p>GD1b ganglioside (shown as ammonium salt) is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes. It has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1b ganglioside acts as a receptor for BK virus, as well as for heat-labile LTII-a toxin, produced by enteropathogenic E. coli. GD1b ganglioside also interacts with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012). The functional significance of ammonia in the brain is not yet fully understood: see (Modi 1994).</p>

<p>4-O-(2-O-Methyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose is a disaccharide. The lacto-n-biose unit is a nonreducing sugar that contains an alpha, beta unsaturated 1,6 glycosidic bond and a lactose molecule. 4-O-(2-O-Methyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose has been found to stimulate the synthesis of galectin in vitro, which may be due to its ability to bind to lectins. This disaccharide can also cause denaturation at high temperatures.</p>

<p>Lacto-N-fucopentaose II-APD-KLH is a fluorinated, monosaccharide, synthetic, oligosaccharide, complex carbohydrate. It has CAS No. 21973-23-9 and a custom synthesis. Lacto-N-fucopentaose II-APD-KLH can be used as a glycosylation or polysaccharide with click modification or methylation. The high purity of this product is 99%.</p>

<p>Lewis A trisaccharide methyl glycoside tetrabenzylether is a synthetic glycosylated oligosaccharide. It is a custom synthesis product that can be modified to the customer's specifications. The modification reaction yields a high-purity, complex carbohydrate with a saccharide content of 95%. This product is soluble in DMSO and DMF and is stable at pH 3-11.</p>

<p>NA4 is a n-glycan with an average molecular weight of about 3.5 kDa. NA4 is found in the blood and urine of human beings and other mammals, as well as in the milk from cows. It is a major component of mucus secreted by the respiratory tract, and it can be found in the outer layer of the skin. NA4 contains a single N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) residue at its reducing end.</p>

<p>Man5GlcNAc is a glycoprotein that is expressed in the Golgi apparatus of mammalian cells. It is cleaved by alpha-mannosidase II and alpha-mannosidase I, which are enzymes located in the golgi apparatus. Man5GlcNAc has been shown to be an effective glp-1 analogue, which is a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion. This protein has also been shown to have structural similarities to high mannose type oligosaccharides, which are found on the surface of some bacteria. The protein may also act as a signal peptide for proteins that are exported from the golgi to the cell membrane.</p>

<p>Blood group B trisacchharide-APE-HSA is a synthetic carbohydrate that inhibits the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. The methylation of saccharides and polysaccharides can be accomplished by the addition of an amine to the 3′ hydroxyl group. In this reaction, the sugar is attached to a protein carrier (e.g., human serum albumin) via an amide bond, which prevents its degradation by proteases in the body. The modification of saccharides and polysaccharides is also accomplished through click chemistry, which is based on copper catalysis. This process involves attaching two functional groups through a copper-mediated reaction, forming a new carbon-carbon bond. Modification of saccharides and oligosaccharides can be accomplished using either chemical or enzymatic methods. Sugar modification can be achieved using high purity enzymes that have been custom synthesized for specific purposes (e.g., glycosylation). Carbohydrate modification can</p>