Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-[4-O-(4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy -2 -phthalimido -b -D -glucopyranoside] (MMPS) is a synthetic compound that has been modified for use as a fluorescent probe for the detection of saccharides. MMPS can be used to detect glycosylation or sugar modifications in proteins and carbohydrates. This compound has been shown to bind to saccharides containing a terminal glucose residue. The MMPS molecule was synthesized and found to be effective in detecting oligosaccharides with a high degree of accuracy. The MMPS molecule was also found to be useful in detecting glucose modifications on proteins and other carbohydrate structures, such as polysaccharides.</p>

<p>GD2 oligosaccharide is the core trisaccharide structure of the ganglioside GD2 (sodium salt) (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors, including: neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).</p>

<p>Food additive; soil suspension polymer in detergents; thickening agent</p>

<p>This product is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination, saccharide modification, and Oligosaccharide synthesis. The specific modifications on the carbohydrate are methylation, Click modification, and polysaccharide synthesis. This product has a CAS No. of _______ and is custom synthesized for _______. It is available in high purity and has an _____ monosaccharide composition.</p>

<p>High mannose oligosaccharide found in urine of mannosidosis patients</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-2,6-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-a-D -mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycoside that can be custom synthesized to order. It is considered to be of high purity with a CAS number 58314−10−1. This product has been fluorinated and glycosylated and is synthetically produced. 4MPBP has the following modifications: methylation, modification, and glycosylation. 4MPBP is an oligosaccharide that is composed of saccharides and a complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Drug carrier for cancer therapy &amp; imaging, biocompatible, soluble, biodegradable</p>

<p>Applications Meglumine is used in the preparation of mesoporous nanoparticles for sustained release of medication.<br>References Cao, X. et al.: Int. J. Nanomed., 7, 753 (2012); Puri, V. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 101, 342 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(4-sulfobutyl)ether is a sulfonic acid derivative used as an inhibitor of amyloid β peptide for modulating cerebral amyloid angiopathy.<br>References McCubbin., et al.: Biochem. J., 256, 775 (1988), Brissette., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 19327 (1989), Fraser., et al.: J. Neurochem., 59, 1531 (1992), Kisilevsky, R., et al.: Nature Med., 1, 143 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N’,N’’-Triacetyl Chitotriose is a multivalent glycosides with strong crosslinking activity for lectin as a specific coagulant.<br>References Bhattacharyya, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 29, 7523 (1990), Sacchettini, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 40, 3009 (2001), Maierhofer, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 7661 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Guaifenesin EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1,3-Bis(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanol is an impurity of Atenolol (A790075), a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker. 1,3-Bis(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanol is also used in various preparations of organic synthetic compounds.<br>References Tidwell, T.T., et al.: Organic. Rxn., 39, (1990); Madivada, L.R., et al.: Organic. Process. Rsch. Develop. 16, 1660 (2012); Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Novel application of glucosamine to prepare medical agent for treating vertigo. Found in chitin, in mucoproteins, and in mucopolysaccharides. Antiarthritic.<br>References Cox, J., et al.: Nature, 143, 894 (1939), Vajarudal, Y., et al.: Clin. Ther., 3, 336 (1981), Setnikar, I., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 36, 729 (1986), Anderson, J.W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 187 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Fructodecasaccharide is a methylated, custom-synthesized oligosaccharide that is a polysaccharide with the molecular formula C10H17O11. Fructodecasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a monosaccharide and two disaccharides. It has been modified to include fluorine atoms in the glycosidic linkages between the sugar residues. This modification can alter the physical properties of fructodecasaccharide, such as increasing its solubility and stabilizing its structure. Fructodecasaccharide is used in many industries as a high-purity, synthetic product for use in medical applications, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Emulsifier used in the cosmetic industry</p>

<p>GD1b oligosaccharide (shown as ammonium salt) is the carbohydrate moiety in one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes; it has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1b ganglioside acts as a receptor for BK virus as well as for heat-labile LTII-a toxin, produced by enteropathogenic E. coli. GD1b ganglioside also interacts with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012). The functional significance of ammonia in the brain is not yet fully understood. However, NH4 + stimulates Na+, K+ activated ATPase causing stabilization of the neuronal membranes of which gangliosides are major structural components. Further, ammonia is known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes which include enzymes degrading gangliosides (Modi, 1994).</p>

<p>6'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is a custom synthesis of a 6'-sialyllactose with a biotin moiety attached to the reducing end. The modification was done through fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide synthesis. This product has CAS No. 1384441-62-6 and is an oligosaccharide saccharide that is polysaccharide containing glycosylated sugar. It is also a complex carbohydrate that contains many sugars in one molecule.</p>

<p>Neutral octasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk.</p>