Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>1,3-a-1,6-a-D-Mannotriose 1-O-propylamine acetate salt is a modified oligosaccharide. It has been synthesized by the reaction of 1,3-a-1,6-a-D-mannopyranosyl bromide with proline amine acetate. This product is 98% pure and can be used as a complex carbohydrate in research or as a food additive. The CAS number for this product is 712092-14-8.</p>

<p>Lactose-6'-phosphate is a sugar phosphate</p>

<p>Occurs by epimerisation of maltose and transglucosylation</p>

<p>Neutral octasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin is a water-soluble drug that is chemically stable in aqueous media. It has been shown to be safe for use in the eye, with no significant side effects. 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and will not cause hemolytic activity. 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin binds to retinoic acid receptors, which are found on cells of the corneal surface and in human spermatozoa. The binding of retinoic acid inhibits the production of enzymes that break down retinoids and prevents cell proliferation. This agent also interacts with other cellular components such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and hormones.</p>

<p>Produced from high maltose syrup by treatment with transglucosidase</p>

<p>Lewis Y tetrasaccharide is a type of antigen that is used as a pharmacological agent. It has been shown to be effective in treating carcinoma cell lines and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Lewis Y tetrasaccharide has also been shown to be an antigen for the mouse monoclonal antibody, which is used in cancer research. The Lewis Y tetrasaccharide stimulates the immune system by interacting with certain cells called dendritic cells and macrophages, which are responsible for activating T-cells. This interaction promotes the production of chemoattractant proteins, which are proteins that attract white blood cells to fight infection and promote healing. Lewis Y tetrasaccharide has also been shown to cause cancer cell death by lysing cells through apoptosis or necrosis depending on the tissue type.</p>

<p>Lacto-N-fucopentaose I-BSA is a Glycosylation, Oligosaccharide, sugar, Synthetic, Fluorination, Custom synthesis, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide.</p>

<p>Melezitose is a non-reducing trisaccharide that is produced by many plant sap-consuming insects, such as aphids (e.g. Cinara pilicornis).  Melezitose is a component of honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as food for bees. Partial hydrolysis of melizitose releases glucose and turanose, an isomer of sucrose.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-thiogalactopyranose is a synthetic disaccharide analog designed for research in glycoscience and biochemistry, particularly for applications in glycosylation-related studies. This compound is synthesized in the laboratory and is not derived from natural sources, allowing for precise structural modifications that facilitate detailed analyses of glycan interactions.The mode of action of this compound involves its role as a mimic of natural glycans, enabling the examination of carbohydrate-protein interactions, enzymatic activity, and glycan recognition processes with high specificity. It can be leveraged as a probe in structural biology to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biological recognition and signaling events mediated by carbohydrate molecules.This compound finds applications in the study of enzymatic hydrolysis, as an inhibitor of glycosidases, and in the synthesis of glycan-based drugs. It is of particular interest in the field of glycobiology for developing therapeutic agents and probing molecular pathways. The high specificity and structural fidelity of 2-Acetamido-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-thiogalactopyranose make it an invaluable tool for advancing our understanding of the intricate roles glycans play in biology.</p>

<p>GM4-ganglioside (sodium salt) is a disaccharide of sialic acid linked α2,4 to galactose and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the galactose (Ledeen, 2009). Demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis have decreased amounts of GM4-ganglioside, localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the central nervous system. It has been found that the myelin basic protein is capable of releasing large quantities of entrapped [14C]glucose from multilamellar liposomes containing GM4. If the conformation of GM4 ganglioside in liposomal membranes resembles that of GM4 ganglioside in its natural environment, basic protein and GM4 may be associated within the myelin sheath of the central nervous system and their interactions are altered in demyelinating diseases, such as, multiple sclerosis (Mullin, 1981).</p>

<p>Tetraose composed of four N-acetylglucosamine residues.</p>

<p>Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are found in the extracellular matrix and on the surface of cells. GAGs consist of a linear chain of repeating disaccharide units, with one or more sugar molecules linked by a glycosidic bond. They have been shown to be important for the function and structure of tissues, including those in the gastrointestinal tract. GAGs have been shown to stimulate cellular growth, regulate inflammatory responses, and promote wound healing. They have also been shown to inhibit activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), which play an important role in inflammation. One type of GAG is dextran sulfate, which has been used as a biological scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Glycosaminoglycans may also play a role in regulating immune responses through interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).</p>

<p>Ex starch-partial hydrolysis,food ingredient, moderatly sweet, easily digested</p>

<p>Lewis B pentasaccharide is a custom-synthesized carbohydrate that belongs to the Modification, saccharide, Oligosaccharide, sugar category. It is an oligosaccharide with a non-reducing end and a reducing end. Lewis B pentasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized from monosaccharides by glycosylation and methylation reactions. This product has high purity and it can be used in research for its fluoroquinolone resistance properties.</p>

<p>Lipopolysaccharides are a heterogeneous group of molecules that include endotoxins, lipid A, and core oligosaccharide. They are released from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria as a result of bacterial lysis. Lipopolysaccharides are potent activators of immune cells, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). TNF-α is also known to induce the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12. Lipopolysaccharides have been shown to cause liver damage in animals by increasing plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. This may also be due to their ability to induce the production of malondialdehyde and c-reactive protein.</p>

<p>Fructodecasaccharide is a methylated, custom-synthesized oligosaccharide that is a polysaccharide with the molecular formula C10H17O11. Fructodecasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a monosaccharide and two disaccharides. It has been modified to include fluorine atoms in the glycosidic linkages between the sugar residues. This modification can alter the physical properties of fructodecasaccharide, such as increasing its solubility and stabilizing its structure. Fructodecasaccharide is used in many industries as a high-purity, synthetic product for use in medical applications, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Difucosyl (1-2,1-2)-iso-lacto-N-octaose (DFiLNO (1-2,1-2)) is an oligosaccharide that is found in human milk</p>

<p>Gala1-3Galb1-3GlcNAc-HSA is a synthetic glycosylation product of Galactose, Glucose and Galactosamine with Hexose. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used to modify proteins with the sugar group. The sugar group is synthesized by the Click modification of a monosaccharide and then methylated. The sugar group is attached to HSA via an N-acetylhexosamine linker. This product has been shown to have high purity and can be used in many applications such as fluorination, methylation, click modification, or complex carbohydrate research.</p>

<p>Emulsifier used in the cosmetic industry</p>