Benzimidazole and Imidazole Derivatives

<p>Applications 2-Deschloro Tioconazole Hydrochloride is an analog of Tioconazole (T444680), an antifungal that is more active than Fluconazole (F421000) or Voriconazole (V760000) against Candida glabrata mutant strains. Antifungal (topical).<br>References Jevons, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 15, 597 (1979), Clayton, Y.M., et al.: Clin. Exp. Dermatol., 7, 543 (1982), Marriott, M.S., et al.: Dermatologica, 166, 1 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-4,5-Dehydro Pregabalin is derived from rac 4,5-Dehydro Pregabalin (D230050), which is an impurity of the anti-convulsnat, Pregabalin.<br>References Dousa, M, et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 53, 717 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prazepam, is a benzodiazepine derivative drug having anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.<br>References Shader R. I., et al.: Ciba. Found. Symp., (74), 141 (1979); Jacqmin, P., et al.: Neuropsychobiology, 19 (4), 186 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tinidazole EP Impurity B<br>Applications 4-Nitro-5-desnitro Tinidazole (Tinidazole EP Impurity B) is an impurity in the synthesis of Tinidazole (T443900), antiprotozoal (Trichomonas, Giardia); antiamebic; antibacterial.<br>References Miller, M.W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 849 (1970), Oderdea, G., et al.: Gut, 33, 1328 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Metronidazole.<br>References Kokwaro, G.O., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 45, 1243 (1993), Sidelmann, U.G. , et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 709 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-{[4-(4-Methyloxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazol-3-one, is an intermediate for the synthesis of Itraconazole (I937500), an Antifungal.<br></p>

<p>Applications Metopimazine (MPZ) is used to prevent emesis during chemotherapies. Antiemetic.<br>References Catz, P., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 58, 93 (1990), Sato, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 104 (1991), Herrstedt, J., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 33, 53 (1996), Sigsgaard, T., et al.: J. Clin. Onc., 19, 2091 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Temazepam is a pharmacologically active metabolite of Diazepam. It is used as a sedative and hypnotic drug.<br>References Sarteschi, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 22, 93 (1972), Schwandt, H.J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 4, 733 (1974), Curry, S.H., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 57, 427 (1976), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 21, 321 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rabeprazole EP Impurity C<br>Applications 1-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (&gt;75%) (Rabeprazole EP Impurity C) is a Rabeprazole (R070500) impurity. A degradation product formed in stressed tablets of Rabeprazole sodium.<br>References Kommanaboyina, B., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 25, 857 (1999), Carswel, C., et al.: Drugs, 61, 2327 (2001), Garcia, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 46, 88 (2008),<br></p>

<p>1-[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-b enzimidazole is an impurity of a drug product. It is a metabolite that has been shown to be present in human plasma and urine. This compound is synthetically produced and is not found in nature. It has been shown to have niche applications in both analytical chemistry and pharmacopoeia.</p>

<p>Oxybutynin EP impurity B is a metabolite of oxybutynin and is a natural product. It is used as an analytical reference substance, to develop new drugs, and in pharmacopoeia in order to measure the purity of oxybutynin. The compound is synthesized by chemical synthesis and can be used as a standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that inhibits the gastric acid secretion by blocking the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in the stomach. Pantoprazole N-oxide, a prodrug of pantoprazole, is converted to pantoprazole after administration and has been shown to be more stable than pantoprazole. It has been shown to have tissue-specific effects, with high concentrations found in gastrointestinal tissues such as the abomasum, ileum, and colon. Pantoprazole N-oxide is also found in plasma samples at low levels. This drug may be useful for ulceration because it prevents heartburn caused by excess stomach acid.</p>

<p>Oxybutynin EP Impurity E is a research and development impurity standard that is used in the synthesis of Oxybutynin. It can be synthesized by reacting 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline with potassium tert-butoxide, followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. The purity and structure of this compound have been verified by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and melting point analysis. This impurity standard has a CAS number of 1215677-72-7.<br>Oxybutynin EP Impurity E is used as a drug product for the treatment of overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis. It also helps to reduce pain due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. <br>The pharmacopoeia name for this compound is 4-(2-Chloroethyl)-1H-imidazoleacetic acid. It has been found to be</p>

<p>2,12-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-8-methoxy-12-thioxobenzo [4,5] pyrido [1,2-c] imidazo [1,2-a] imidazol-2-one is a metabolite of the drug 2-[2-(4,5,-dihydroimidazo[1,2a]imidazol -2(3H)-yl)ethoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide. It can be used as an impurity standard for the manufacture of drugs and as a research chemical.</p>

<p>2-Methoxy-5-methyl-gamma-phenylbenzenepropanol is a synthetic compound that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of coumarin derivatives. Reaction with sulfonating agents produces sulfones, and reaction with borohydride reagents produces boronates. The synthesis of 2-methoxy-5-methyl-gamma-phenylbenzenepropanol can be accomplished by the reduction of diphenyl ethers with lithium aluminum hydride or borohydride. The reduction can also be carried out using lanthanum oxide and potassium borohydride. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in nonpolar solvents.<br>2-Methoxy-5-methyl-gamma-phenylbenzenepropanol reacts with chloride to produce the corresponding chlorides, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of tolterodine tartrate, a drug used to treat urinary inc</p>

<p>1-[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]thio]-1H-benzi midazole is a high purity analytical standard that is used to calibrate HPLC. It is found as an impurity in the drug product and as a metabolite. 1-[(3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2 -trifluoroethoxy) - 2 - pyridinyl) methyl] - 2 - [[[3 - methyl (4 ( 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy) - 2 pyridinyl) methyl] thio] - 1 H benzimidazole is the IUPAC name for this compound. This chemical has been synthesized</p>

<p>Lactose conjugate degradation product of pregabalin</p>

<p>Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is a prodrug that is converted to the active form pantoprazole in the stomach where it inhibits gastric acid secretion. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been shown to be genotoxic, and can cause polyvinyl chloride to degrade when stored together. Reconstituted solution of this drug should be used within 24 hours after reconstitution, as the chemical stability of this drug decreases rapidly. Validation studies have been conducted on different analytical methods for determining pantoprazole concentrations in reconstituted solutions, and these methods have been harmonized with those published by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The pump inhibitor activity of pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been demonstrated in dogs, and it is also useful for treating acid reflux disease in humans. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is unstable at high temperatures (&gt;25°C), so should not be refrigerated or</p>