Benzimidazole and Imidazole Derivatives

<p>Applications 2-Chlorobenzotrichloride is a chlorinated toluene with mutagenicity.<br>References Mineki, S. et al.: Mat. technol., 23, 413 (2005); Matsushita, H. et al.: Indust. Health., 17, 199 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Scopolamine Sulfate is an impurity of Scopolamine (S200000), an acetylcholine antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness and also used as antiemetic, antispasmodic, mydriatic, preanesthetic agents.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Trendelenburg P., et al.: Archiv fuer Exper. Pathol. Pharmacol., 73, 118 (1914);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Midazolam (M343000).<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Modafinil (M482500), a central nervous system vigilance promoting agent, which possesses neuroprotective properties.<br>References Wong, Y., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 281 (1999), Robertson, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 664 (2000), Roth, T., et al.: Clin. Ther., 28, 689 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Propantheline (P760900). Propantheline is an antimuscarinic agent used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), enuresis (involuntary urination) as well as cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestine and bladder.<br>References Levin, R. et al.: Neurol. Urodyn., 1, 221 (1982); Daniotti, S. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 82, 305 (1984); Moller, J. et al .: Acta Med. Scand., 184, 201 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Promethazine (P757000) impurity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Keipert, S., et al.: Pharmazie, 31, 296 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications (αS)-N,N,α-Trimethyl-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzenemethanamine is an impurity of Rivastigmine Tartrate (R541000). Rivastigmine Tartrate is a brain selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.<br>References Rosler, M., et al.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 633 (1999); Enz, A., et al.: Prog. Brain Res., 98, 431 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Omeprazole Sodium Salt is the salt analogue of Omeprazole (O635000), which binds covalently to proton pump. It inhibits gastric secretion. Used as an anttiulcerative.<br>References Muller, P., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 33, 1685 (1983); Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984); Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993); Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>N-Desalkyl itraconazole is a triazole antifungal drug that belongs to the group of medicines. It is used in the treatment of systemic mycoses, including blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. N-Desalkyl itraconazole has been shown to inhibit the growth of fungi by interfering with their cell membranes and inhibiting their production of ergosterol. Calibration studies have shown that this drug binds to human liver microsomes and plasma proteins, as well as transporters such as P-glycoprotein. These interactions may influence its pharmacokinetics, which can be determined using a bioanalytical method.</p>

<p>Albendazole sulfone is a metabolite of the drug albendazole. It is used as an analytical standard to measure the concentration of albendazole in human plasma and urine samples. The concentration-time curve for albendazole sulfone can be determined using a nonlinear regression analysis, with the rate constant being calculated from the slope and intercept. This method has been shown to be accurate for predicting pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. Albendazole sulfone is also used as a probe in wastewater treatment studies, where it binds to colloidal gold particles that are used to visualize the removal of small particles by microorganisms.</p>

<p>1-[[4-(3-Methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[(4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methylsulfonyl]-1H-benzimidazole (MKC1807) is a synthetic drug product. MKC1807 is an analytical standard in the HPLC assay for the determination of Epiandrosterone sulfate and its metabolites. 1-[4-(3-Methoxypropoxy)-3,5,6,7,8 -pentamethylcyclohexyl]methyl 2-[(4-(3 -methoxypropoxy) 3,5,6,7,8 -pentamethylcyclohexyl)methylsulfonyl]-1H benzimidazole has been shown to be a natural metabolite of Epiandrosterone sulfate. This compound</p>

<p>Solifenacin impurity C is an impurity that is found in the drug product Solifenacin. It has been shown to be a natural metabolite and has been detected in human urine. Solifenacin impurity C is used as an analytical standard for HPLC analyses of solifenacin, and can also be used as a reference material for pharmacopoeia. The purity of this compound is 99%.</p>

<p>6-Methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-2-one is an analog of the natural product zearalenone, which can be used as an acid catalyst for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. It has a linear range and is structurally similar to a number of other analogs. The chloride ion is involved in the optimization of the extraction parameters and can be replaced by other c1-4 alkyl groups. 6-Methyl-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1 -benzopyran 2 one is typically prepared using a preparative high performance liquid chromatography technique that involves dehydration.</p>

<p>The human red blood cell (RBC) is a non-nucleated cell in the human blood that carries oxygen to the body's cells. The erythrocyte is characterized by its biconcave shape and its lack of organelles. It has a volume of about 80 fL, and a diameter of about 7 micrometers. The RBCs are produced in bone marrow from precursor cells that differentiate into erythroid progenitor cells. This drug binds to the hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells and alters their shape, causing an increase in their deformability. In addition, this drug decreases the viscosity of the plasma outside of the red blood cell, which increases its extravascular sensitivity. Evaluations have been performed on low doses to evaluate sensitivities within capillaries with microscopy parameters such as magnification and resolution. These evaluations have shown that this drug can be used for quantifying changes in capillary size due to low doses (</p>

<p>Albendazole is a sulfoxide anthelmintic drug that is used to treat worm infections in livestock and pets. Albendazole inhibits the synthesis of the parasitic cell membrane, which disrupts the integrity of the cell and leads to death. The analytical method for measuring albendazole includes extraction with hexane followed by analysis using gas chromatography. In humans, albendazole may be used to treat cancer, especially when it occurs in cavities or fatty tissues. It can also be used as a treatment for certain types of parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis, amebiasis, and cysticercosis. Albendazole is absorbed well after oral administration and plasma concentrations are proportional to dosage levels. The most common side effects are nausea and headache.</p>

<p>Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that is used in the treatment of asthma. Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G has been shown to have long-acting properties, with a half-life of about 20 hours. It has a high affinity for the muscarinic receptor and acts as a competitive antagonist at this site. Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G also has a cavity, which may be necessary for its activity.</p>