Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications α-Hederin is a saponin of dry extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix L.Inhibitor of β2-adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins. Potential cause for asphyxiation.<br>References Sieben A. et al.: Biochem., 21, 3477 (2009); Gaillard, Y. et al.: J. Anal Toxicol., 27, 257 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tyrosol Glucuronide is a derivative of tyrosol (T947800), which is phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin A is a major metabolite of ellagitannin and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole shows insecticidal activity.<br>References Newberne, P., et al.: Food Technol., 54, 66 (2000), Passone, M., et al.: Food Control, 19, 364 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Probucol USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone is an antioxident used in the prevention of aging/rusting in dyes, rubber and textiles. Metabolite of Probucol (P755100) an antilipemic. Probucol USP Related Compound A.<br>References Bukharov, S.et al.: Russ J. Green Chem., 72, 1805 (2002); Shanina, E. et al.: Aging Polym. Polym. Blends Polym. Compos., 2, 189 (2002); Shakir, D., et al.: J. Clin. Med. Res., 1, 8 (2009), Kubo, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 1880 (2009), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Hydroxy Coumarin-d5 is the labeled analogue of 7-Hydroxy Coumarin (H924875), a metabolite of Coumarin that is present in many plants and is the aglucon of skimmin.<br>References Schilling, et al.: Nature, 221, 664 (1969); Indahl, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 13 (1971); Thompson, S.G., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 18, 264 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Kaempferol is a plant flavonoid.<br>References Hertog, M., et al.: Nutr. Cancer, 20, 21 (1993), Peluso, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 183 (2000), Briggs, W., et al.: Plant Physiol., 125, 85 (2001),<br></p>