Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Applications epi-Canagliflozin is an epimeric impurity of Canagliflozin which is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
References Chao, E. et al.: Drug Fut., 36, 351 (2011); Sha, S. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 13, 669 (2011); Kipnes, M.S.: Clin. Invest., 1, 145 (2011);

Applications 5'-Deoxy-5'-chloroadenosine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine (D242600), a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of 5′-methylthioadenosinephosphorylase (MTAP) (EC2.4.2.28), a tumor suppressor gene expressed enzyme that supports the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and methionine salvage pathways.
References Olopade, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 2410 (1993), Hartmann, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 52, 1127 (2006), Penner, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 52, 534 (2010),

Applications Des-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydrogen) 3,6-Difluoro Favipiravir is a building block related to Favipiravir(F103350). Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)

Applications A novel labelled HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor useful in treatment of HIV infection.
References Scholler-Gyure, M., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 48, 322 (2008), Thakur, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 471 (2008),

Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir USP Related Compound A
Applications Descyclopropyl Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity C; Abacavir Related Compound A) is an intermediate of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications Ethylene Glycol Monobenzoate, is a reagent that can be used as an intermediate in a variety of chemical and biochemical reactions. It is used as an intermediate in the preparation of 1,2-Ethanediol Disodium Salt (E890125), which is the result of the nucleophilic attack on its carbonyl group.
References Khouri, F. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 6683 (1986);

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Oxiracetam (O846905).
References Kondepudi, D., et al.: Science, 250 975 (1990), Di Silvestro, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 758 (1993),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Used in the characterization and elucidation of coordination requirements of adenine nucleotides complexes with Fe(II) ions.
References Richter, Y., et al.: Nucleos. Nucleot. Nucleic Acids, 22, 1757 (2003),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).
References Mellors, J., et al.: Science, 72, 1167 (1996), Reimann, K., et al.: J. Virol., 79, 8878 (2005), Rose, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 7413 (2005), Acierno, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 176, 5338 (2006),

Applications L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid-d4 (Major) is a folic acid derivative and coenzyme involved in the metabolism of amino and nucleic acids.
References Prinz-Langenohl, R., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009), Martin, H., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 402, 137 (2010), Dasarathy, J., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nut., 91, 357 (2010), Karas-Kuzelicki, N., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 43, 37 (2010),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Acyclovir L-Leucinate is an amino acid ester of the antiherpetic agent, Acyclovir (A192400). It is the Leucine analogue of Valacyclovir (V085000).
References Burnette, T. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 15827 (1995);

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications 1-(5-O-Acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one is an impurity of 5-Azacytidine (A796000), a potent growth inhibitor and cytotoxic agent. It acts as a demethylating agent by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase.
References Kusaba, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 262, 924 (1999), Broday, L., et al.: Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 3198 (1999), Qian, X., et al.: Am. J. Pathol., 153, 1475 (1999), Canova, C., et al.: Mech. Ageing Dev., 101, 153 (1998)

Applications A 2-substituted 2’-Deoxyadenosine (D231620). Used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.
References Ishikawa, F., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 70, 475 (1972), Hattori, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 13, 2754 (1974), Kazimierczuk, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 1683 (1990),

Impurity Emtricitabine Impurity 14
Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Emtricitabine (E525000). A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500). Emtricitabine Impurity 14.
References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications D-Melphalan is an isomer of melphalan (M216900), which is an antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966), Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980),