Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity B
Applications 2’-Epi-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity B) is an epimer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.
References Lin, T. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 1757 (1996); Schinazi, R.F. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,36, 672 (1992);

Applications 6,7-Dimethylpterin, a derivative of Folic Acid (F680300) is used as a biomarker for a non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Also can function as chromophores in light sensitive proteins allowing for analysis of target cells.
References Kritskii, M.S. et al.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk., 380, 408 (2001); Gamagedara, S. et al.: Clin. Chim. Acta., 412, 128 (2011);

Applications Folic acid dihydrate

Applications 2,5,6-Triamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone Sulfate is used in the preparation of guanines and other purine derivatives with antiviral activities.
References Hemmati, S. et al.: Int. J. Chem. Sci., 2, 9 (2004); Chetsanga, C.J. et al.: Chem.-Biol. inter., 58, 117 (1986);

Applications 3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is an impurity of Zidovudine (A825000). Zidovudine is an antiviral agent used in the clinical treatment of HIV infections.
References Radatus, B.K., Org. Process. Res. Dev., 15, 1281 (2011)

Stability Moisture Sensitive, Unstable in Solution
Applications 2-Deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-α-L-ribofuranosyl Chloride (cas# 141846-57-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications An intermediate used in the preparation of Zanamivir derivatives.
References Andrews, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 563 (1999), Altamore, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 1126 (2006),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Dapagliflozin C2 Epimer is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Majewski, A., et al.: Przemysl Chemiczny, 95, 1129 (2016); Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications An impurity from the synthesis of Gemcitabine.
References Haufman, et al.: Science, 145, 585 (1964), Prusoff, et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 32, 295 (1959)

Applications Possesses antiviral activity. It is an inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion to TNF-treated endothelial cells.
References Jurgensen, C.H., et al.: J. Immunol., 144, 653 (1990), Flexner, C.W., et al.: Lancet, 339, 438 (1992), Reddy, M., et al.: Prot. Sci., 17 2134 (2008),

Applications An irreversible inhibitor of the mammalian DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. Assists in the protection against carcinogenic and therapeutic alkylating agents.
References Dolan, M.E., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5356 (1990), Goodtzova, K., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 385 (1994), Elder, R.H., et al.: Biochem. J., 298, 231 (1994)

4-Amino-1-[3,5-di-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranosyl]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one (4AAT) is an analytical chemical that is used for research and development purposes. 4AAT is a metabolite of the antibiotic ampicillin and has been identified as an impurity in the drug product. It can be synthesized from 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)benzaldehyde, 3,5'-di-O-(4'-chlorobenzoyl)-2',3'-dideoxyribose and sodium azide in a two step process with 98% purity. 4AATs are also found to be present in natural products such as honey or sugar cane juice.

Remdesivir impurity 8 is a metabolite of remdesivir, a drug product that belongs to the class of synthetic compounds. Remdesivir impurity 8 has been used as a research and development standard for HPLC analysis. It is also used as an impurity standard in pharmacopoeia and drug development. This impurity has shown natural activity in metabolism studies, but it is not known if this activity is due to the compound itself or an artifact from its synthesis.