Fatty Acids and Lypidic Derivatives

<p>Applications Maleic Acid is used in the synthesis of pyridoindolones as potent inhibitors of Aurora kinases. Also is a reagent in the preparation of TiO2/carbon nanotube composites.<br>References Le, L. et al.: ChemMedChem., 8, 289 (2013); Yao, Y. et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 42, 4952 (2008)l<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol is a phenolic component of a part of a salix bark extract which maintains a minor anti-depressant effect. Phenolic analog with potential for anti-melanomic effect<br>References Ulrich-M. et al.: Phytomed., 19, 930 (2012); Vad, N. et al.: Chem-Biol. Int., 183, 462 (2010);<br></p>

<p>6’-Hydroxy simvastatin acid is a metabolite of simvastatin. It has an analytical purity of at least 98% and is used as an impurity standard in the preparation of high purity drug product. 6’-Hydroxy simvastatin acid is also used for research and development, such as drug discovery, new drug development, and analytical method validation. This compound has a CAS number of 1217529-34-4 and can be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin methyl ester is a statin drug that inhibits the synthesis of cholesterol and other lipids in the body. It is used to reduce high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which may lead to heart disease or stroke. Atorvastatin methyl ester has been shown to be effective in reducing the uptake of LDL cholesterol into cells by preventing the formation of LDL particles. This drug also decreases the production of biphosphate-containing phospholipids, which are essential for dendritic cell maturation. The crystalline polymorphs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and microscopy. Impurities can be detected using ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin lactone is a prodrug for atorvastatin. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis and reduces LDL cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin lactone is absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream and then converted to atorvastatin, which has a higher potency than atorvastatin lactone. This conversion occurs in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes, including cytochrome CYP3A4. The pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin lactone are influenced by drugs that inhibit these enzymes. Atorvastatin and its metabolites are excreted in human serum as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates.</p>

<p>Rosuvastatin calcium is a statin drug that belongs to the group of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Rosuvastatin is a racemic mixture of 3S,5S and 3R,5R stereoisomers and has been shown to have cholesterol-lowering effect in humans. The sample solution was prepared by dissolving rosuvastatin calcium in methanol and then diluting it with water. The calibration curve was performed using solutions of substances at different concentrations and injecting them into the liquid chromatograph. After running for 2 minutes, the detection wavelength and detection method were used to measure the concentration of rosuvastatin.<br>The result was recorded as mg/mL (molecules per milliliter).</p>

<p>Rosuvastatin impurity B is a hydrophilic impurity with a molecular weight of 716.8 that is found in the formulation of rosuvastatin. It is an analyte that can be detected by liquid chromatography and interacts with metformin, one of the analytes in the analysis. The calibration curve for this impurity was generated by adding ammonium formate to the mobile phase at different concentrations and measuring its interaction with rosuvastatin. The validation of this method was done by injecting samples containing known amounts of rosuvastatin impurity B and comparing the results to those obtained from the calibration curve. This method has a flow rate of 1 mL/min, which is sufficient for analyzing compounds that are eluted at low concentrations.</p>

<p>Desfluoro atorvastatin is a crystalline polymorph of atorvastatin that has been shown to have improved flowrate and dissolution profile compared with the conventional form. Desfluoro atorvastatin is synthesized by adding a fluorine atom to a specific position in the molecule. The synthesis procedure includes chromatographic purification and analysis of impurities, which are then eliminated by diode laser irradiation. Impurities may also be eliminated through hydrogenation or recrystallization.</p>

<p>O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium is a drug product that is an HPLC standard. It is a natural metabolite of atorvastatin, which is synthesized by cytochrome P450 3A4 in the liver. O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium has been shown to be an impurity in some batches of atorvastatin calcium. It has been observed to have pharmacological effects similar to those of atorvastatin. O-Methyl atorvastatin calcium has been used as a research and development (R&amp;D) tool for studies on the metabolism of drugs, including its own synthesis and the study of the effect on other drugs such as amiodarone.</p>

<p>Racemic 3-Oxo atorvastatin sodium salt (3OAS) is a drug product that has been tested in the laboratory and found to be suitable for further development. It is a natural substance that has not been chemically synthesized. Racemic 3-Oxo atorvastatin sodium salt is an impurity standard that can be used to establish the purity of API drugs. It can also be used as a metabolite in metabolism studies. Racemic 3-Oxo atorvastatin sodium salt is high purity and can be used for niche applications such as pharmacopoeia production.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin is a drug product that is metabolized to atorvastatin epoxy pyrrolooxazin tricyclic impurity. Due to the presence of this impurity, the purity of the drug product is not 100%. Atorvastatin epoxy pyrrolooxazin tricyclic impurity is a natural metabolite with CAS number 516-80-1. It has been shown to have effects on metabolism and may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Metabolism studies have been conducted on animals, but not humans.</p>

<p>Sildenafil is a selective PDE-5 inhibitor that is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It has been shown to have anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Sildenafil inhibits the activity of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), which is found in the corpus cavernosum of the penis and inhibits cGMP degradation, leading to vasodilation and increased blood flow. Sildenafil has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by blocking the synthesis of both DNA and protein, as well as inhibiting the expression of genes encoding for anti-apoptotic proteins. Sildenafil binds to PDE-5 with high affinity, but does not bind to other PDEs or ion channels at therapeutic concentrations.</p>

<p>3-Methylene simvastatin impurity is an impurity that is formed during the synthesis of simvastatin. It has a molecular formula of C14H24O2 and its molecular weight is 256. 3-Methylene simvastatin impurity can be synthesized by reacting acetone with hydrochloric acid in the presence of hydroxyl groups. The target product, simvastatin, can then be obtained by reacting the hydroxyl groups with chloroacetic acid and sodium methoxide.</p>

<p>Pitavastatin 3S,5R isomer Calcium Salt is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. It is marketed as the hemihydrate form under the trade name Pravacol and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Pitavastatin 3S,5R isomer Calcium Salt inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis by blocking HMG-CoA reductase, which converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate (MVA). The active metabolite, pitavastatin, binds to the regulatory region of HMG-CoA reductase and prevents it from converting MVA to HMG-CoA. This reduces the pool of HMG-CoA available for conversion to cholesterol. The inhibition of this enzyme slows down the production of cholesterol and decreases blood levels. It has been approved for use in adults with type 2 diabetes and for lowering high</p>

<p>Atorvastatin epoxydione impurity (EPI) is a heptanoic, hydrate, diastereoisomer, racemic mixture, enantiomer and impurity of Atorvastatin. The EPI has been minimized in the formulation process by using a novel synthesis route that employs a chiral pyrrole derivative as an intermediate. This minimization has allowed for the elimination of the tautomer and other impurities present in the original compound.</p>

<p>(betaS,deltaS)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5- (1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole- 1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1) is a fluorinated derivative of the natural metabolite 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy -5-(1 methylethyl)-3 phenyl 4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H pyrrole 1 heptanoic acid. It is an enantiomer of the racemate with optical purity &gt; 98%. The compound has been used as a pharmacological and supramolecular chemistry probe for assays and chemosensors.</p>

<p>(S)-(+)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone is a synthetic, white to off-white solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is used as an analytical standard for the determination of the drug product and impurities during development and manufacture. The CAS number for (S)-(+)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone is 99395-88-7.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Defluoro atorvastatin acetonide tert-butyl ester including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Difluoro atorvastatin is a filtrate of atorvastatin, which is a cholesterol-lowering drug. It is synthesized by reacting butyric acid with atorvastatin in an organic solvent. The reaction solution was filtered to remove impurities and then purified by liquid chromatography. The product was characterized by diffraction and LC-MS analysis. Difluoro atorvastatin has a high purity and is suitable for further use in the preparation of pharmaceuticals.</p>

<p>(3R,5S)-Atorvastatin sodium salt is a synthetic compound that is used in the treatment of high cholesterol. It belongs to the class of statins, which are used for lowering blood cholesterol levels. The drug product contains at least 99% by weight of (3R,5S)-atorvastatin sodium salt. This product also has an analytical purity greater than 98%. It is metabolized via oxidation and hydroxylation to form metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activity similar to the parent molecule. (3R,5S)-Atorvastatin sodium salt is a natural product that can be found in plants such as yew trees. This drug has been shown to have niche applications in drug development and research and development.</p>

<p>Defluoro atorvastatin calcium is a bulk drug that has been approved to be used as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated cholesterol levels in adults. Defluoro atorvastatin calcium is the desfluoro-enantiomer of atorvastatin, which is a statin that inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, which is an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol. The fluoro group on defluoro atorvastatin calcium is not expected to have any significant effect on its potency or metabolic pathways and any impurities are not expected to have any therapeutic effect.</p>

<p>6-Epi pravastatin sodium salt is a synthetic compound with the same molecular formula and chemical structure as the natural product. It has been used in pharmacological studies, drug development, and research. 6-Epi pravastatin sodium salt is a metabolite of pravastatin.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin impurity F is an impurity that can be found in atorvastatin. It is a white to off-white crystalline solid with a melting point of 142°C. It has a molecular weight of 273.5 and chemical formula of C14H13N3O2. This impurity can be found in atorvastatin as an API impurity, which may have an effect on the efficacy or toxicity of the drug product. Impurities are present in all pharmaceutical products and should be identified, characterized, and quantified for quality control purposes. Impurities are often unavoidable byproducts of the manufacturing process and can lead to potential safety concerns if they are not detected early on during drug development. The presence of impurities may also affect the pharmacological effects or therapeutic efficacy of the drug product.</p>

<p>Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and social anxiety disorder. It is also used as an appetite suppressant in some countries. Fluoxetine inhibits the neuronal uptake of serotonin by blocking the presynaptic transporter protein. The most common adverse effects are nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision and sexual dysfunction.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin is a drug used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. Atorvastatin lactam, which is an impurity formed during the synthesis of atorvastatin, has been shown to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis in a rat model. The in vivo metabolism of atorvastatin lactam was studied by HPLC-MS/MS and was found to be identical to that of the parent molecule. This impurity may be useful as a research and development or custom synthesis product, or as an impurity standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin is a statin drug that inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is responsible for cholesterol synthesis. Atorvastatin is used to lower LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in the blood. It also lowers triglyceride levels and raises HDL cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin has been shown to inhibit fibrinogen production, reduce TNF-α production, and improve body mass index (BMI) in obese patients. This drug has been shown to be effective in reducing the size of atherosclerotic lesions by decreasing the amount of cholesteryl esters transferred from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It has also been shown to inhibit collagen production and stimulate muscle cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Analogue of sildenafil</p>

<p>Pravastatin lactone is a prodrug of pravastatin that is hydrolyzed in vivo to its active form. It is used for the treatment of bowel disease and has been shown to have concentration-time curves that are linear and dose-dependent. Pravastatin lactone has an acidic pH, which may be due to the presence of carboxyl groups on the molecule. This drug also inhibits the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate in order to produce cholesterol. Pravastatin lactone also suppresses the production of fatty acids by inhibiting their synthesis at the level of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). The drug has not shown any evidence of toxicity when administered to rats at doses up to 10 mg/kg body weight per day</p>

<p>Sildenafil N-Oxide is a solvate, hydrate, and prodrug of sildenafil citrate. It is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil N-Oxide is an oral drug that is converted to its active form, sildenafil, in the liver by CYP3A4. Sildenafil N-Oxide's effects on human erection are thought to be due to its ability to block phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which increases the levels of cGMP in smooth muscle cells and causes relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. This leads to increased blood flow into the penis and an erection.</p>

<p>Simvastatin hydroxy acid ethyl ester is a solvated form of simvastatin, an investigational drug for the treatment of dyslipidemia. The ammonium salt was prepared by alcoholysis with ethanol. The elution process was carried out using an acetonitrile-water mixture and chromatography on silica gel. Preparation methods were investigated to determine the best preparative procedure that would yield pure material. This compound has been investigated as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of midbody diseases such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and Alzheimer's disease.</p>

<p>Atorvastatin epoxy tetrahydrofuran impurity is a byproduct of the synthesis process. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in organic solvents and sparingly soluble in water. Atorvastatin epoxy tetrahydrofuran impurity has been shown to be an impurity of atorvastatin. It is not known to have any biological activity, but it may pose a health risk if present in large quantities.</p>

<p>O5-(N-Formyl-L-leucyl)-(2S,3S,5S)-2-hexyl-3,5-dihydroxyhexadecanoyl-L-leucine(1S)-1-[(2S,3S)-3-hexyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl]methyl]dodecy l ester is a metabolite of leucine. It is used as an impurity standard and in drug development.</p>

<p>Pitavastatin (NK-104) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with hypocholesterolemic and neuroprotective activities.</p>