Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate (pentahydrate) acts as an activator of the hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) and serves as an epigenetic regulator that induces lysine residue lactylation. This compound, a glycolysis end product, bridges the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and functions as a tumor metabolite with immunoprotective effects of lactate in antitumor immunity.

L-Sepiapterin aids in making BH4, a coenzyme essential for eNOS, enhancing artery function and angiogenesis, while suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth.

13(R)-HODE, produced from linoleic acid, inhibits platelet aggregation (IC50=2.7μM) and is found in bovine endothelial cells.

LXA5 is made from EPA by leukocytes, contracts guinea pig lungs like LXA4/LXB4, but doesn't dilate aorta.

Miaosporone A: angucyclic quinone, cytotoxic to MCF-7, NCI-H187, Vero cells; anti-TB and anti-malaria with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 2.5 μM.

15-keto-Prostaglandin E2, an endogenous metabolite, inhibits STAT3 activation through binding to Cys259 and regulates breast cancer cell growth and progression.

c-di-GMP sodium: STING activator, regulates bacteria biofilm, motility, virulence.

Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.

1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol (DG(15:0/15:0/0:0)) is a compound referenced in studies examining the effect of insulin on the content of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat hearts. Insulin is observed to increase the amount of 1,2-diacylglycerol containing specific fatty acid compositions in the heart, which may be linked to cardiac contractility.

3β,7β-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is a C27 acid whose levels are elevated in Niemann-Pick Type C and B diseases, leading to toxicity in ocular motor neurons. It is synthesized by the enzymatic action of hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 from 3β-hydroxy-7-oxocholest-5-en-(25R)26-enoic acid (3βH,7O-CA).

3-Benzylidenecamphor, a UV absorber, is noted for its excellent photostability and antioxidant activity. It is extensively utilized in sunscreen products to shield the skin from UV damage. Additionally, 3-Benzylidenecamphor is used in cosmetics to enhance product shelf life and safety.

SAR114137 is a highly effective pharmaceutical compound characterized by potent bioactivity. It exhibits variations in its amorphous content during the physical processing of crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The amorphous API content of SAR114137 significantly decreases when subjected to various jet milling techniques. Additionally, SAR114137 demonstrates good chemical stability in drug formulations.

RO5101576 is a potent antagonist of LTB4 receptor.

Substituted piperidines-1 can promote the release of growth hormone in humans and animals.

EpoY (SD-142) is an irreversible inhibitor of the primary brain microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TCP), a complex formed by vasohibin-1 (VASH1) and small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP). By inhibiting TCP with an IC50 value of approximately 500 nM, EpoY effectively reduces the levels of detyrosinated α-tubulin, which is crucial for microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation. This inhibition results in significant differentiation defects and is linked to potential issues related to cancer and cardiomyopathy.

MRS4458 is an effective inhibitor of the P2Y14 Receptor.

Diethylumbelliferyl phosphate (DEUP) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesterol esterase that does not inhibit protein kinase A activity in vitro. It disrupts steroidogenesis by blocking cholesterol transport to mitochondria in steroidogenic cells, with an IC50 of 11.6 μM. This compound may also limit the absorption of dietary cholesterol.

(S)-CPP sodium serves as an inhibitor of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) kinase, commonly referred to as BDK or keto acid dehydrogenase kinase. As a negative regulator of BCKDC activity, (S)-CPP (IC50 of 6.3 μM) inhibits BDK, which activates the complex, leading to a significant reduction in the levels of leucine/isoleucine and valine in the plasma of wild-type mice.

Cephapirinlactone is a metabolite of the antibiotic Cephapirin.

9-cis-β-Carotene, a precursor of retinal, is cleaved by beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to produce 9-cis-retinal.