Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

Lumirubin is a water-soluble photoproduct of bilirubin formed in vivo during phototherapy.

3-Benzylidenecamphor, a UV absorber, is noted for its excellent photostability and antioxidant activity. It is extensively utilized in sunscreen products to shield the skin from UV damage. Additionally, 3-Benzylidenecamphor is used in cosmetics to enhance product shelf life and safety.

<p>Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate is produced from inosine monophosphate (IMP) through the catalytic action of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH).</p>

<p>Urobilin hydrochloride, a metabolic byproduct of Hemoglobin, is excreted through urine and feces in various mammals. It also serves as an indicator of human waste contamination.</p>

<p>Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.</p>

3β,7β-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is a C27 acid whose levels are elevated in Niemann-Pick Type C and B diseases, leading to toxicity in ocular motor neurons. It is synthesized by the enzymatic action of hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 from 3β-hydroxy-7-oxocholest-5-en-(25R)26-enoic acid (3βH,7O-CA).

<p>4-Hexen-3-one inhibits the growth of H. pylori in the ATCC 43526 strain and TDR strain. Additionally, this compound suppresses urease activity.</p>

1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol (DG(15:0/15:0/0:0)) is a compound referenced in studies examining the effect of insulin on the content of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat hearts. Insulin is observed to increase the amount of 1,2-diacylglycerol containing specific fatty acid compositions in the heart, which may be linked to cardiac contractility.

c-di-GMP sodium: STING activator, regulates bacteria biofilm, motility, virulence.

15-keto-Prostaglandin E2, an endogenous metabolite, inhibits STAT3 activation through binding to Cys259 and regulates breast cancer cell growth and progression.

Miaosporone A: angucyclic quinone, cytotoxic to MCF-7, NCI-H187, Vero cells; anti-TB and anti-malaria with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 2.5 μM.

D-Citrulline (H-D-Cit-OH), a stereoisomer of L-citrulline, effectively reduces cardiac contractile dysfunction caused by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in isolated perfused rat hearts undergoing ischemia/reperfusion. This protective effect is mediated through a non-NO-mediated mechanism.

1-Phenylethanamine, a potential central nervous system stimulant related to β-phenylethylamine (β-phenylethylamine), exhibits diminished glycogenolysis activity in the brain due to its benzene ring being replaced by an indole group. This reduction in activity makes it useful for investigating how the chemical structure of phenylethylamine derivatives influences their effects on the central nervous system. Additionally, 1-Phenylethanamine is also utilized in the synthesis of the tyrosine kinase (tyrosine kinase) inhibitor CLM3.

LXA5 is made from EPA by leukocytes, contracts guinea pig lungs like LXA4/LXB4, but doesn't dilate aorta.

13(R)-HODE, produced from linoleic acid, inhibits platelet aggregation (IC50=2.7μM) and is found in bovine endothelial cells.

22-Hydroxy Mifepristone (RU 42698) is an orally active hydroxylated alcohol metabolite that exhibits both anti-progestational and anti-glucocorticoid activities. This compound contains an alkyne group and is capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with azide-containing molecules. Furthermore, 22-Hydroxy Mifepristone demonstrates a relative binding affinity of 48% to the human glucocorticoid receptor.

RvE4, a bioactive lipid from eicosapentaenoic acid and synthesized by 15-LO, is anti-inflammatory and boosts efferocytosis in human macrophages.

L-Sepiapterin aids in making BH4, a coenzyme essential for eNOS, enhancing artery function and angiogenesis, while suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth.

CS-003 HCl is a TNRA - triple neurokinin receptor antagonist.

4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine (4-AHP) is a photodegradation product of eumelanin. It can be utilized in research focused on the formation of cutaneous melanoma and age-related macular degeneration.