Enzyme Substrates

<p>6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostic applications. It has been shown to be a useful ligand for the determination of enzyme activity, and it can also be used to detect bacterial culture media contaminants. 6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-glucopyranoside is used as an enzyme substrate in chemiluminescent assays, and with other reagents, it can be used for the detection of environmental contaminants. This product has a CAS number of 55426-02-8 and can be found on the website www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for β-D-galactosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferone is a coumarin derivative that inhibits the activity of enzymes such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate oxidase and aminopeptidase. It is used in vitro to study oxidative injury, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis and bone marrow transplantation. 4-Methylumbelliferone has been shown to induce apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It also has inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the beta-glucosidase activity is used for Gaucher disease diagnosis.</p>

<p>Luc-Enterobacteria Na is a bioluminescent substrate for bacterial luciferase used to detect Enterobacteriaceae. The enzyme luciferase oxidizes luciferin with FMNH₂ and O₂ via luxAB genes, emitting blue light.</p>

<p>Aldol 584 is a chromogenic substrate that is used in enzymatic assays to detect the presence of an enzyme. It is a triethylammonium salt with beta-D-glucuronic acid. Aldol 584 is used in diagnostic procedures and can be used as a substrate for fluorogenic substrates and chemiluminescent substrates. This product has been shown to be effective in detecting the presence of bile in feces, erythrocyte hemolysis, and the presence of proteinases in human urine. It can also be used as a food testing agent or to measure bacterial activity in culture media.</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>

<p>For the detection of beta-galactosidase activity</p>

<p>Lipase targeting MOSCERDAM® substrate</p>

<p>For the detection of beta-galactosidase activity</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a superior chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate designed to deliver enhanced enzyme detection and outstanding assay performance. This cutting-edge substrate boasts excellent specificity, sensitivity, and stability, making it a powerful tool in the measurement of enzyme activity, substrate profiles, and inhibitor characterization. This premium substrate is perfect for researchers and professionals seeking reliable and efficient results for their enzyme-based investigations.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is a water-soluble dioxetane-based chemiluminescent probe. Deprotonation of the free phenol group of the calibration probe under mild basic conditions results in an emissive decomposition process. No addition of enhancer or sensitizing agent is required to produce the bright green light emission in aqueous solutions.<br>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is used for:<br><br>Demonstration experiment susing only the probe and an aqueous solution or water;<br>Evaluation of the AquaSpark® maximum light emission;<br>Functional tests of luminometers, plate readers and cameras;<br>Comparison with other probes bearing an enzyme labile group in order to build concentration/response curves;<br>Validation and comparison between different AquaSpark® probes.</p>

<p>Chitin azure is a chromogenic substrate for chitinases. It is one of the few specific substrates for this enzyme that produces chito-oligosaccharides from chitin.</p>

<p>Glycyl-glycine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride (Gly-Gly-AMC) is a fluorescent compound that can be used as a probe for the transfer of glycine in the brain. Gly-Gly-AMC binds to Langerhans cells and is transferred by an anterograde axonal transport mechanism from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The binding of Gly-Gly-AMC to Langerhans cells has been shown to activate them, which induces the release of inflammatory mediators into the surrounding tissue. This activity may be due to increased levels of calcium ions, which are known to induce exocytosis in these cells. Glycine is also involved in depression and other mental disorders, as well as muscle and brain activity.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for chitinase</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-galactosidase</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-N,N-diacetyl-beta-D-chitobioside is a molecule that has been expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. It can be used as a fluorescent probe for chitinase activity and has been shown to be sensitive to tryptophan residues and aromatic residues in proteins. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-N,N-diacetyl-beta-D-chitobioside has also been used as a fluorescent probe for isozymes of glucose phosphate isomerase. The nature of the trisaccharide is unknown, but it appears to be hydrophobic.</p>

<p>Luc-coliforms Na is a high quality, chromogenic substrate for the detection of coliforms. It is used widely in the food industry to detect whether coliforms are present in milk, cheese, and other dairy products. Luc-coliforms Na provides a color change from yellow to blue when it reacts with coliforms and has a high pH range of 4.0-8.0. Luc-coliforms Na has a CAS number of 93824-43-4.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl α-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in Pompe disease diagnostics, a glycogen storage disorder, that measures the deffiency of alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that could lead to the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes.</p>