Enzyme Substrates

Resorufin b-D-xylobioside is a fluorogenic substrate for xylanases useful for xylanase activity assays.

4-Nitrophenyl phosphate mono(2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol) salt monohydrate is a chromogenic substrate that can be used to detect the presence of alkaline phosphatase. It is also used in food testing and diagnostics. 4NPPMD is a substrate for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, which has been shown to play a role in the inflammatory response. The production of 4NPPMD by bacteria in the environment can be detected with chemiluminescence or bioluminescence. This product has been shown to react with both horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as other enzymes that are involved in metabolic pathways. This substrate also has high purity and fluorescence properties.

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5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-mannosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-mannopyranoside is used in alpha-mannosidosis diagnosis and other lysosomal storage disorder.

A fluorogenic substrate for detection of enzymatic activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease. The fluorophore 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is linked to the tetrapeptide via a peptide bond at the C-terminal of the glutamine residue. Following the hydrolytic activity of the Mpro protease, the fluorogenic AMC group get released from the substrate, generating a fluorescent signal (Ex 380 nm / Em 455 nm).

A useful substrate for the study of enzyme activities

Chromogenic substrate for esterases

STAADIUM(TM) PeptiZide L-Ala, Patent pending is a chemiluminescent substrate that reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce light. It can be used in diagnostic applications such as the detection of blood or fecal stains and in tests for the presence of enzymes or antibodies. STAADIUM(TM) PeptiZide L-Ala, Patent pending is an excellent choice for use with bacterial culture media and food testing. This product has been shown to have high purity and quality.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl thymidine (BCIT) is a chromogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase, which cleaves the BCIT to form a bromochloroindoxyl (BCI) and an indoxyl phosphate. The BCI is then detected by chemiluminescence or fluorescence. This product is used in food testing, diagnostics, environmental testing, and staining. It has been shown to be a good substrate for β-galactosidase from different sources such as calf thymus, bacteria, fungi, and plants.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl butyrate is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used in diagnostics and research. It has been shown to be an excellent ligand for the detection of DNA and protein. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl butyrate can also be used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, or beta-galactosidase. This product is also used in food testing, enzyme substrates, and fluorogenic substrates.

Aldol® 515 palmitate is a chromogenic substrate that is used in food testing, diagnostics, and other applications. It has a high purity and is conjugated to various ligands for specific applications. Aldol® 515 palmitate is an excellent chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of ATP and other nucleotides. It also has high bioluminescence activity for the detection of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or luciferin as well as enzyme substrates to measure β-galactosidase or β-glucuronidase activity.

FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is a fluorogenic water soluble substrate for phosphatase enzymes. After cleavage of the substrate by phosphatase activity an insoluble product is formed that is highly fluorescent in the solid state. Upon UV irradiation this very stable fluorophore emits green light in the 530 nm range for an extended period of time. FLsharp™ - Phosphate is a unique substrate - optimized for the detection of phosphatase activity in solid matrices such as agar media, tissuesections or microscopic preparations. FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodium salt is used in microbiology as asubstrate for bacterial phosphatases. The substrate is suitable to detect the specific phosphatase activity of S. aureus or C. perfringensin food samples or clinical samples. Colonies growing on plating media supplemented with FLsharp™ emit green light upon UV light excitation(Excitation max: 365 nm; emission max: 530 nm). The enzyme product formed from FLsharp™ in agar plating media enables high precision for the localization of the relevant colonies on the plate. As a result small bacteria colonies of phosphatase-positive bacteria can be detected already after a short incubation time.  In cytochemical and histochemical imaging FLsharp™ - Phosphate, disodiumsalt can be used as a substrate for Alkaline Phosphatase (AP)-coupled antibodies. The fluorophore that is released from FLsharp™ - Phosphateby phosphatase activity will precipitate. This insoluble fluorophoreen ables a precise localization of the antibody-bound epitope in cells or tissues under a fluorescence microscope or fluorescence imaging system. The green fluorescence of FLsharp™ can be clearly differentiated from autofluorescence or counterstainings such as (blue) DAPI or (red) Alexafluorophores.

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a fluorescent dye that is used in recording and registration. It has been shown to be a very sensitive reporter of protein interactions in living cells. This dye binds to proteins via the hydroxyl groups on its sugar moiety, and has been shown to bind to a variety of proteins such as myosin light chain kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. The fluorescent properties of this dye make it useful for tracking protein localization in the cell.

4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-cellohexaoside is a fluorogenic substrate for cellulase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-cellohexaosideas a substrate for measuring the cellulase activity is used for detecting bacterial infection and gut microbiome analysis.

Luciferin (also in its salt form) is the substrate of luciferase, an enzyme that catalyzes a light-producing reaction. It is a bioluminescent substrate used to assay ATP availability. It also serves as a versatile scaffold to design other luminogenic enzyme substrates.

Also known as Lapis-caprylate; targeting esterase with C8 activity; Blue color