Enzyme Substrates

<p>Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-Sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Sodium Salt is an analogue of 4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-Sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Potassium Salt (M334950) which is shown to be a substrate for the lysosomal N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate sulphatase.<br>References He, W., et al.: J. inher. Metab. Dis., 16, 935 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosphoglycolic Acid is used in studies pertaining to biological and metabolic processes. It can be used in the study of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape) and its role in double strand break repair. It also has been seen to complex with cPEPCK (cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) during the study of its inhibition by various substrate analogues.<br>References Suh, D. et al.: Nucl. Acids Res., 25, 2495 (1997); Stiffin, R. et al.: Biochem., 47, 2099 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isocitric acid is the protonated analogue of isocitrate, a substrate of the citric acid cycle.<br>References Zhang, Q., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 18931 (2011); Crowe, L.M., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 242, 240, (1985);<br></p>

<p>Applications Choline p-Toluenesulfonate Salt is a useful intermediate as well as a choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) substrate.<br>References Brockerhoff, H., et al.: N.K.N., Lipids, 14, 88 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used in efficient synthesis of 1β-O-acyl glucuronides via regioselective acylation<br>References Meng, X., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 6165 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl α-D-Galactopyranoside (cas# 7493-95-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Anisha, G., et al.: Proc. Biochem., 44, 327 (2009), Bergstroem, M., et al.: Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 73, 132 (2009), Liu, Q., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 8545 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside is a substrate for the enzyme arabinofuranosidase.<br>References Tefsen, B., et. al.: Biol. Chem., 393, 767 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A substrate for cytochrome CYP2B6.<br>References Kabumoto, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 73, 1922 (2009), Maresca, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 335 (2010), Si-Ahmed, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 51, 225 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Thymolphthalein Monophosphoric Acid Disodium Salt is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. It is a disodium salt form of Thymolphthalein Monophosphoric Acid which can be used as reactant/reagent in reaction of homodimer and heterodimer subunits of human prostate acid phosphatase.<br>References Lee, H., et al.: Biochem J, 277, 759 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glucose Pentasulfate is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate (S692350(P)), which is an inhibitor of peptic hydrolysis and stomach acidity and used as an anti-ulcerative.<br>References Mayberr, J.F., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pract., 32, 291 (1978); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 27, 194 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N’,N”-Triacetylchitotrioside is a fluorogenic substrate of uniform, characterized structure for assays of lysozyme.<br>References Yang, Y., et al.: J. Biochem., 87, 1003 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture, Temperature sensitive<br>Applications Used as a substrate for the detection of sialidase-like enzyme in screening of enzymes, studying physiological activities of gangliosides, and recombinant technologies.<br>References Biorg. Med. Chem., 1, 147 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetylgalactosaminidase sequence substrate Clostridium Bifidobacterium. A fluorescent substrate for α2,3-(O)-Sialyltransferase<br>References Medina, M. et al.: Cancer Res. 59,1061-1070, (1999)<br></p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl nonanoate is a fluorogenic substrate for lipase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl nonanoateas a substrate for measuring the lipase activity is used for the detection of lipase deficiency that could lead to pancreatic insufficiency.</p>

<p>4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase&Tab;. Upon hydrolysis, the fluorogenic moiety (blueish) 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferone (also known as TFMU) is released. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside is commonly used in bacterial detection and in LacZ gene expression assays.</p>