Enzyme Substrates

<p>L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide hydrobromide is a substrate for enzymes such as beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase. It is used in biochemical assays for the detection of microorganisms and in medical diagnostics. This compound has been shown to be useful in fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence. It also has applications in food testing, environmental testing, and high purity research.</p>

<p>2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used in various applications. It is a ligand that binds to the enzyme beta-galactosidase and is used in diagnostics for detecting the presence of the enzyme. 2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to be an appropriate substrate for chemiluminescence reactions, such as those used in diagnostic or research applications. The product also has been tested for potential toxicity and found not to be toxic at concentrations up to 100mg/mL. This product can be used in a variety of applications, including food testing, bacterial culture media, and environmental testing.</p>

<p>Beta-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, trifluoroacetate salt is a high purity, ligand, and conjugate. It can be used in the food testing and environmental testing fields. This product has been shown to be a good substrate for enzyme activity and can also function as a fluorescent dye in chemiluminescence assays. Beta-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, trifluoroacetate salt is soluble in water and has a CAS number of 201847-54-3.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used as a diagnostic tool and can be used to detect the presence of β--glucosidase in the gut. It is also used as a conjugate with enzymes such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase for use in enzyme catalyzed reactions. The product has been shown to be active against a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This product has been shown to produce chemiluminescence when incubated with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. This product is light sensitive and should be stored at room temperature away from direct sunlight.</p>

<p>Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-pnaacetate is a substrate commonly used in enzyme research, particularly in the study of proteases. Proteases are enzymes responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins. In a study investigating the activation of protein C in blood plasma by a protease from Aspergillus ochraceus, the enzyme activity was qualitatively assessed using chromogenic peptide substrates, such as pGlu-Pro-Arg-pNA.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of L-glutamate-phenylalanine (GluPhe)-specific peptidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved the GluPhe-specific peptidase, yielding development of orange-red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in lysosomal storage disorder screening.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 L-alanine ester, hydrochloride is a chromogenic substrate that is used as a food testing reagent and enzyme substrate in diagnostics. It is also used to detect the presence of ligands in an environment. Aldol® 470 L-alanine ester, hydrochloride is used in chemiluminescence and bioluminescence reactions.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase assays. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol is released, which has a yellowish color. It is used in diagnostic applications such as lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis (for example, Tay-Sachs disease) and glycosidase inhibition studies.</p>

<p>Substrates for endoglucanase and beta-cellobiohydrolase activity in the study of digestive system in Zygentoma as an insect model for high cellulase activity</p>

<p>4-Aminoantipyrine has been used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It can also target peroxidase enzymes to produce a red color</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate. It is used in diagnostics and as a reagent for enzymatic analysis of alpha-mannosidase activity in culture media, food testing, and environmental testing.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-galactoside (pNP-Gal) is a chromogenic substrate commonly used in enzymatic assays to detect and quantify the presence of beta-galactosidase. It is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to release 4-nitrophenol, which produces a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. Similarly, 4-Nitrophenyl beta-glucoside (pNP-Glc) can be used to assay beta-glucosidase activity. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-globotrioside (pNP-Glo) is a similar compound that has been designed as a substrate for glycosidases that cleave terminal beta-galactosyl-(1-&gt;3)-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. In these assays, the release of 4-nitrophenol can be measured to determine the activity of the enzyme under study. The use of chromogenic substrates like pNP-Glo allows for the rapid and reliable detection of glycosidase activity in a variety of biological samples.</p>

<p>1,8,15,22-Tetrazacyclooctacosane-2,7,16,21-tetraone is an inhibitor with potent anticancer properties. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting kinases that are critical for cell survival and proliferation. This compound has been shown to be effective against various types of cancer in both Chinese hamster ovary and human cancer cell lines. Additionally, it has been found to increase the excretion of the anti-allergic drug rupatadine in urine. The use of 1,8,15,22-Tetrazacyclooctacosane-2,7,16,21-tetraone as a tumor inhibitor has also been investigated in combination with other kinase inhibitors such as bendamustine analogs. This compound holds great potential for the development of new anticancer therapies.</p>

<p>Used for synthesis of chiral amines from ketones and ketoacids</p>

<p>2-Methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride (ABI) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme toll-like receptor. The drug has been shown to decrease the metabolic rate in experimental models. ABI has also been used as an analog for other compounds to study their effects on redox potentials and reactive species. It is unclear how ABI inhibits protein synthesis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One possible mechanism is that it may inhibit the binding of primers to DNA. ABI also inhibits the production of chemokines which are small proteins that stimulate inflammatory responses. This drug can be used in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.</p>

<p>Remazol Brilliant Blue R D-xylan is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection and quantification of xylanase enzyme activity. This substrate consists of a xylan polymer backbone covalently linked to the Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye. Upon cleavage by xylanase enzymes, the dye is released, producing a vibrant blue color that can be easily measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is widely used in various applications, including the study of xylanase-producing microorganisms, optimization of enzyme production, and evaluation of enzyme kinetics.</p>

<p>Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining</p>

<p>Used for synthesis of chiral carboxylic acids from nitriles</p>

<p>For asymmetric double bond reduction.</p>