Chromogenic Substrates

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside is a compound that is commonly used as an enzyme substrate for glycogen synthase kinase (GSK). It is activated by GSK-3β and has been shown to inhibit the activity of this enzyme. This compound has also been found to have inhibitory effects on other enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase and lactate dehydrogenase. Additionally, 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside exhibits antifungal activity against various fungi, including those resistant to other antifungal agents such as fluopyram and prothioconazole. Its mechanism of action involves interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. Furthermore, this compound has potential applications in the development of new drugs targeting GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways, which are implicated in various diseases including cancer and neuro

A chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.

4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside is a chromogenic substrate for cellulase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside is used in different applications such as the Biomass conversion research, paper industry applications

Aldol® 515 nonanoate hydrochloride is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for detection of lipase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by C9 esterases produced by bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 nonanoate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 24-48 h. In the presence of a purified lipase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.

4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Gaucher disease screening, carbohydrate metabolism studies

Aldol® 518 myo-inositol phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 4.6.1.13) activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PI-PLC positive microorganisms grown in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color. In combination with Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer, red fluorescence can also be obtained. Aldol® 518 myo-inositol phosphate thus enables the detection and identification of various bacteria, such as, pathogenic strains of Listeria, Clostridium, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus species. Aldol® 518 myo-inositol phosphate is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl beta-rutinoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-rutinoside is used in different applications such as the Flavonoid glycoside hydrolysis, food industry applications

Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-D-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-D-glucosidase, generating red fluorescent signal and in some conditions, an orange colour in the visible spectrum can get formed, staining bacterial colonies in faint orange coloration. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-thiomannopyranoside is a pNP substrate that serves as a chromogenic substrate for enzyme assays. It has been tested for the detection of a-D-mannosidase activity in a variety of biological samples, including cell lysates, body fluids, and tissue homogenates.

2-O-(4-Nitrophenyl)-a-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid, also known as p-nitrophenyl N-acetylneuraminic acid, is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of neuraminidase (sialidase) activity. Upon cleavage by neuraminidase, it releases a yellow-colored product, 4-nitrophenol, which can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. This substrate is widely used in various applications, including enzyme kinetics studies, inhibitor screening, and the determination of neuraminidase activity in biological samples such as viruses, bacteria, and cell lysates. It is particularly useful for studying the enzymatic properties of neuraminidases from different sources and for the development of novel antiviral and antibacterial agents targeting neuraminidase activity.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl oleate is a fluorescent substrate that is used for staining and enzyme substrate. It is a conjugate that is used in environmental testing, food testing, and diagnostics. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl oleate has a CAS number of 341972-97-2 and its molecular weight is 229.5 g/mol. It's purity is > 98%, with a specific optical rotation of +147° (c=1, CHCl3). This compound can be used as a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate in bioluminescence assays. 5BRIO3 has been shown to be an excellent ligand for the detection of DNA polymerase I activity.

Bronze-Gal (Bronze-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a bronze colored precipitate. Bronze-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.

Aldol 495 acetate is a chromogenic substrate that contains the chemical compound Aldol. It is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. Aldol 495 acetate can be used as a ligand to detect the presence of enzymes or bacteria in culture media and diagnostics. This product has been shown to have a high purity and quality.

4-Chloro-1-naphthol is a chemical compound that has been used in clinical pathology to identify human immunoglobulin. It is also used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 4-Chloro-1-naphthol binds to the amyloid fibrils and has anti-angiogenic effects in the hippocampus, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. This chemical compound can be used as a substrate molecule for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and is used in wastewater treatment.

6-Chloro-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt is a chromogenic substrate that is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. It can be used to detect the presence of the enzyme phosphatase by adding it to a sample containing glucose, which will produce an orange color. The ligand 6-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate disodium salt can also be used as a bioluminescence probe for detecting ATP or ADP using luciferase. This product has high purity and quality, and is available at a competitive price.

Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-galactosidase activity. The enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-galactosidase positive bacteria and yeasts in liquid or solid media, yielding red color and red fluorescence signal. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can also be used to detect alpha-galactosidase (encoded by the Mel1 gene) in yeast gene reporter assays or for identification of alpha-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Substrate detecting beta-glucosidase activity

Bronze-Gal (Bronze-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a bronze colored precipitate. Bronze-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.