Oligosaccharides

<p>Stachyose hydrate is a methylated, custom-synthesized, click-modified oligosaccharide that is used as a synthetic complex carbohydrate. It is synthesized from the saccharide stachyose by fluorination and modification with methyl groups. This product may be used in biological research or as a fluoropolymer precursor. Stachyose hydrate has been shown to have high purity and can be modified to contain monosaccharides and sugars.</p>

<p>Di-mannuronic acid sodium salt (β-1,4-linked sodium mannuronobiose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences.These oligosaccharides can be released using several methods (Lua, 2015; Yanga, 2004) and claims have been published that mannuronic acid oligosaccharides for example, can be effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, or for the prophylaxis and treatment of diabetes (USP 8835403B2, 2014).</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-allyl-b-Dglucopyranoside is a synthetic sugar with a molecular weight of 532. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. It is also used as an intermediate in glycosylation reactions. This product has not been assigned a CAS number yet.</p>

<p>Melezitose is a non-reducing trisaccharide that is produced by many plant sap-consuming insects, such as aphids (e.g. Cinara pilicornis).  Melezitose is a component of honeydew which acts as an attractant for ants and also as food for bees. Partial hydrolysis of melizitose releases glucose and turanose, an isomer of sucrose.</p>

<p>Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Reports have suggested that agaropentaose has neuroprotective properties.</p>

<p>Methyl 6-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination. It is synthesized by the methylation of glucose and mannose residues, followed by glycosylation. Methyl 6-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis and can be ordered in high purity.</p>

<p>Neutral pentasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylaDglucopyranosyl)-aDglucopyranosyl)-bDthioglucopyra nose is a sugar with the chemical formula C27H42O14. This compound is synthesized by the glycosylation of 1,2,3,6 tetra O acetyl 4 O (2 3 6 tri O acetyl 4 O (2 3 4 6 tetra O acetyl a D glucopyranosyl) a D glucopyranosyl) b D thioglucopyrazine with 2 3 6 tri O acetate 4 O (2 3 4 6 tetra O acetate a D glucopyranoside a D glucopyranoside</p>

<p>Sialylated tetrasaccharide found in human milk. Possible health benefits for the neonate, by supporting resistance to pathogens, gut maturation, immune function, and cognitive development.</p>

<p>A2F N-Glycan is an oligosaccharide that is found in the human body. It is a glycan that has been shown to be involved in a number of biological processes, including effector functions, site specific recognition, diagnosis, and biopharmaceutical production. A2F N-glycan has also been shown to have potential as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The A2F N-glycan profile may differ between patients with different cancers or autoimmune disorders. This difference in the A2F N-glycan profile may contribute to the development of personalized medicine by helping to diagnose these conditions and predict their prognosis.</p>

<p>D-Lactal is a dibutyltin oxide that is used in the synthesis of n-acetyllactosamine, disaccharides and trisaccharides. D-Lactal has been shown to have high resistance to chloride ion, which is one of the most common reagents for cleavage. It can also be used as a synthetic precursor for other glycoside derivatives by reacting with triflic acid or trisaccharide. Triflic acid and trisaccharide react with chloride to form a stereoselective glycosidic bond. D-Lactal is also able to bind lectins, carbohydrate chemistry and carbohydrate chemistry reagents.</p>

<p>CO2-philic compound with uses in pharmaceuticals and CO2-based processes</p>

<p>Isoprimeverose is a covalently linked polysaccharide with a molecular weight of about 5,000. It has been shown to have an optimum pH at around 7.5 and is soluble in water. Isoprimeverose was found to be highly immunogenic in rats and mice, producing high levels of polyclonal antibodies against the protein target. The carbohydrate moiety of isoprimeverose contains galacturonic acid, which may play a role in its uptake by mammalian cells. The hydroxyl group on the sugar molecule may also play a role in this process. Isoprimeverose can be used as an artificial sweetener because it does not contain any sugars or carbohydrates that can cause tooth decay or other dental problems.</p>

<p>Zymosan is prepared from the cell walls of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and consists of polysaccharide chains of various molecular weights, containing approximately 73% polysaccharide, 15% protein, 7% lipid and other inorganic components. When injected into animals, it induces inflammation and has been used for many years in inflammation and immunology research. The conditions activated include components of the complement system, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, platelet aggregation factor, and lysosomal enzymes. Zymosan preparations are often insoluble but can be made soluble for separation on DE cellulose or Sepharose to produce more active fractions.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose is a glycan that is found in human serum and maternal blood. The wild type strain of 2,3,4,6,7,8<br>diacetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GnTIII) gene has been shown to be essential for the synthesis of this glycan. This glycan is also found in the carcinoma cell lines HT1080 and SW480. Structural analysis of the glycan has revealed that it contains a hydroxyl group on the C1 position and an acetamido group on the C2 position. Glycans are polymers that play roles in many biological functions such as cell recognition, immune responses, and carbohydrate metabolism. The structure of this glycan was studied using titration calorim</p>

<p>Produced from high maltose syrup by treatment with transglucosidase</p>

<p>Chitopentaose is a pentaacetyl derivative of the sugar chitohexaose. It is an oligosaccharide that has been shown to inhibit the activity of glycosidases and lectins, which may be due to its high affinity to these enzymes. Chitopentaose has also been found to bind to insulin receptors in the human tumor cell line A-20, leading to a reduction in tumor growth. The molecule also inhibits the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding for penicillin-binding protein, mouse tumor necrosis factor, and α1-acid glycoprotein.</p>

<p>GM1b pentasaccharide (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with a single sialic acid residue linked α2,3 to the terminal galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GM1b oligosaccaharide is the carbohydrate moiety in GM1b ganglioside, which is a minor component of human brain monosialoganglioside fraction. GM1b ganglioside and especially anti-GM1b IgG antibodies are associated with axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome, which develops following C. jejuni infection (Yuki, 1999).</p>

<p>D-Celloheptaose is a modified glycosylated oligosaccharide. It is synthesized by the methylation of D-cellotriose with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane and the subsequent reaction with bromoethanol. The product is purified by fractional crystallization from methanol to give a white crystalline solid. This product has CAS No. 52646-27-2 and is soluble in methanol, ethanol, water, acetone and chloroform.</p>

<p>Produced from high maltose syrup by treatment with transglucosidase</p>

<p>3,4-Di-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-a-D mannopyranose is a modification of the carbohydrate oligosaccharide. It is a custom synthesis that has high purity and CAS number. The structure of the molecule is an Oligosaccharide with a Carbohydrate. This molecule is an example of a complex carbohydrate. The monosaccharide in this compound is glucose and it has been methylated and glycosylated. This molecule also has a polysaccharide sugar which can be fluorinated or saccharided.</p>

<p>Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system</p>

<p>4-O-(b-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is a custom synthesis carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that consists of a monosaccharide with a b-D-galactopyranosyl group and a b-D-thioglucopyranose group. 4-O-(b-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is a polysaccharide and belongs to the class of carbohydrates, which are saccharides or sugars. Carbohydrates are important in cell walls and are modified by methylation, glycosylation, and click modification. Carbohydrates can be classified as simple or complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates contain one molecule with one type of sugar unit bonded together, while complex carbohydrates have more than one type of sugar unit bonded together.</p>

<p>The chemical name of the compound is 4-Methoxyphenyl 2-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,4-di-O-benzyl--6--O--pivaloyl-[a]-D--mannopyranoside. The molecular formula is C47H69NO17. The molecular weight is 838.10 g/mol. This product is a white to off white solid that has no odor and a sweet taste. Compound can be custom synthesized to customer's specification and purity requirements. The CAS number for this compound is 1820574-70-6.</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. A number of publications have suggested that agaroheptaose has properties that include: anti-microbial, antiviral, prebiotic, anti-tumoral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, glucosidase inhibitory, and hepatoprotective properties.</p>

<p>Galactosyllactose attenuated NF-κB inflammatory signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and in human immature intestine. Thus, galactosyllactoses are strong anti-inflammatory agents in human colostrum and early milk, contributing to innate immune modulation. The potential clinical utility of galactosyllactose warrants investigation.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranosyl-1-O-L-threonine is a fluorinated monosaccharide that is used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. This compound can be used to synthesize glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy -3 -O-(b -D -galactopyranosyl) -a -D -galactopyranosyl 1 O L threonine has been modified with methylation and click chemistry reactions.</p>

<p>GD1a oligosaccharide is the carbohydrate moiety from the disialylated glycosphingolipid GD1a of the a-series (shown in the sodium form), a major ganglioside found in neuronal and glial membranes. GD1a oligosaccharide has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, α2,3 to the outer galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1a ganglioside interacts with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and is essential for long-term axon-myelin stability. GD1a ganglioside plays a role in viral infection as it is a receptor for viral glycoproteins in rotavirus and paramyxovirus 1. The hexasaccharide GD1a moiety was also found on a glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for adenovirus type 37. Additionally, GD1a ganglioside interacts with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012).</p>

<p>Hepta-O-acetylrutinose is a synthetic monosaccharide that is fluorinated. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycosylations. Hepta-O-acetylrutinose has been shown to be useful in click chemistry and other modifications due to its reactive groups. The CAS number for this compound is 29202-64-0.</p>

<p>Blood group antigen derivative for biochemical research</p>

<p>6-Sialylgalacto-N-biosyl-serine is a custom synthesis product that has been fluorinated and modified. The material is an Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide, Carbohydrate, Fluorination, complex carbohydrate with a CAS number of 60919-07-2. It is highly pure with a purity of &gt; 98% by HPLC analysis. The modification on the sugar molecule includes Click chemistry and Methylation. The monosaccharide sugar is the saccharide part of the molecule.</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-[4-O-(4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-levulinoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy -2 -phthalimido -b -D -glucopyranoside] (MMPS) is a synthetic compound that has been modified for use as a fluorescent probe for the detection of saccharides. MMPS can be used to detect glycosylation or sugar modifications in proteins and carbohydrates. This compound has been shown to bind to saccharides containing a terminal glucose residue. The MMPS molecule was synthesized and found to be effective in detecting oligosaccharides with a high degree of accuracy. The MMPS molecule was also found to be useful in detecting glucose modifications on proteins and other carbohydrate structures, such as polysaccharides.</p>

<p>Manninotriose is a mannose-containing oligosaccharide that has been found to have high resistance against enzymes. This mannose-containing oligosaccharide can be used as a biomarker for the detection of activated macrophages in biological samples, such as serum and urine. It is also used as an activator of monoclonal antibodies, which are used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Manninotriose may act as a signal peptide for the activation of enzyme activities, such as glycosyl transferase reactions and caffeic acid hydrolase.</p>

<p>A antigen hexasaccharide Type II, possible use in antiviral development</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-[2,4-di-O-(3,6,9)-triacetyldi-O-(3,4,6)-triacetyldiacetamido]-bDglucopyranoside (MPPA) is a modification of the natural oligosaccharide 3,6,-di-O-(2,4-di-O-(3,6,9)-triacetyldiacyl)-bDmannopyranosyl. MPPA is synthesized by methylation and glycosylation of glucose residues in the backbone of the natural oligosaccharide. The methylated glycosidic linkages are substituted for acetamido groups in order to confer water solubility to the molecule. MPPA has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of influenza virus replication in vitro.</p>

<p>Chitoheptaose 7HCl is a synthetic, complex carbohydrate with a CAS number of 68232-35-9. This product is custom synthesized to order and can be modified according to your specifications. It is available in high purity.</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a carbohydrate with the CAS number 150412-80-9. It is an Oligosaccharide that is synthesized from monosaccharides and saccharides. This product can be custom synthesized to produce high purity, methylated, glycosylated and fluorinated products. There are many modifications that can be made to this carbohydrate using Click chemistry.</p>

<p>Fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum</p>

<p>Anhydrous lactose is an excipient, filler, diluent, and bulking agent in a wide variety of pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, powders and other preparations. It also has applications as a nutrient and multi-functional ingredient in infant formulae, geriatric, dietetic and health foods and may be used as an ingredient in culture media.</p>

<p>An antioxidant chelator used in skin care. Also used in organ transplantation preservation solutions, due to its ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical production, via the complexation of oxidation-promoting iron found in blood.</p>

<p>Sucrose dodecanoate is a sugar ester that has been shown to be a 5-HT agonist. It is used as an absorption enhancer for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. Sucrose dodecanoate was also found to have trypsin-like protease activity and cyclic peptide properties. This drug has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and growth factor levels in animal models, which may be due to its effects on serine proteases. Sucrose dodecanoate is available as a pharmaceutical dosage form containing fatty acid esters at a concentration of 10%. It has a viscosity of approximately 100 cP, which is expected to provide good bioavailability.</p>

<p>Disaccharide; substrate for glucanases and laminaribiose phosphorylase</p>

<p>N-acetylglucosamine is a monosaccharide that is one of the building blocks of complex carbohydrates. It is found in the A1F N-glycan, which is located on the surface of cancer cells and may be a potential biomarker for endometrial cancer. A1F N-glycan has been detected in many types of cancer, including ovarian, breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. This glycan also has been shown to play a role in autoimmune diseases and cancer pathogenesis. The A1F N-glycan can be profiled by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS).</p>

<p>Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a lectin that binds to the terminal galactose of b-D-galactopyranosides. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cellular death and is able to bind to the surface of cells, preventing their destruction by the immune system or other natural factors. The binding site for MGA is found on cell membranes, and it can also act as an antiinflammatory agent. MGA has also been shown to inhibit interactions between proteins, which may lead to changes in protein synthesis and regulation. Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates on the surfaces of cells. They are part of a group called glycoproteins and are often used as probes in techniques such as lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.</p>

<p>Disaccharide is a carbohydrate with two simple sugars. It is soluble in water and has a density of 1.621 g/ml. Disaccharides are found in the tissues of many plants and animals, where they can be hydrolyzed by various enzymes to release monosaccharides. Disaccharides are also found in certain types of lichen and algae, where they are produced through photosynthesis. The most common disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, and cellobiose. The simplest type of disaccharide is called a monosaccharide or sugar molecule. Monosaccarides have the same chemical formula but different physical forms that depend on their molecular mass (i.e., they may be a solid or liquid). Disaccharides can be classified as either sulfuric or organic solvent-soluble depending on whether they dissolve in sulfuric acid or an organic solvent such as ethanol or</p>

<p>2'-Fucosyllactose peracetate is a synthetic, oligosaccharide-type complex carbohydrate. It is custom synthesized and modified with fluorination, methylation, and click chemistry. 2'-Fucosyllactose peracetate is used as a glycosylation reagent in the synthesis of polysaccharides. The CAS number for this product is 6569-81-8. This product has been shown to be highly purified (&gt; 99%) and have an excellent shelf life (up to two years).</p>

<p>D-Galactopyranosyl-(b1-3)-[N-acetylneuraminyl-(a2-6)]-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl serine is a synthetic, fluorinated glycoside that has been modified with methylation and saccharide modifications. It is used in click chemistry to modify proteins and other biomolecules. This compound is available as a custom synthesis, and can be modified with various saccharides or oligosaccharides. D-Galactopyranosyl-(b1-3)-[N-acetylneuraminyl-(a2-6)]-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl serine is an important carbohydrate in glycosylation reactions as it contains the sugar backbone needed for N-, O-, and S-glycosidic linkages. The CAS number for this compound is 514063-.</p>

<p>2-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucose is a sugar that can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. It is an oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, and carbohydrate that has been modified with methylation, glycosylation, and carbonylation. This product is available in high purity and fluorination.</p>

<p>Blood group antigen with spacer arm</p>