Antibiotiques

Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.

Ketolide; binds bacterial ribosomes and inhibits translation

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on anaerobic bacteria and protozoa by disrupting DNA synthesis and is used for treating infections like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and certain parasitic infections.

Kanamycin B is a broad spectrum antibiotic active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, often used to treat eye infections. Compared to Kanamycin A, it exhibits stronger interaction with the acidic phospholipids.

Colistin sodium methanesulfonate is an antibiotic, which is a derivative of polymyxin E sourced from the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa. Its mode of action involves disrupting the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids, leading to cell death.

Phleomycin HCl is an antibiotic compound derived from *Streptomyces verticillus*, which is known for its robust DNA-cleaving activity. As an antibiotic, it functions primarily by inducing breaks in DNA strands, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription processes. This mechanism of action is particularly effective in targeting rapidly dividing cells, making Phleomycin a valuable tool in molecular biology.

β-lactam antibiotic of penicillin subclass, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the proteoglycan synthesis. Cloxacillin has a narrow spectrum of action and is effective against Gram-positive organisms. Cloxacillin is resistant to the action of β-lactamase and therefore preferentially used for treatment of Staphylococcal infections.

Binds cyclophilin D and inhibits calcineurin; immunosuppressant

Enduracidin hydrochloride is an antimicrobial compound, which is a lipopeptide antibiotic derived from the genus Streptomyces, specifically Streptomyces fungicidicus or Streptomyces roseosporus. The compound exerts its antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, primarily targeting the lipid II cycle, a critical precursor in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. This inhibition disrupts the construction of peptidoglycan layers, ultimately leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

Ethambutol 2HCl is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent with action on arabinosyl transferases to inhibit cell wall synthesis and is used for treating tuberculosis in combination with other antibiotics.

Antibacterial used in treatment of UTI and respiratory tract infections

Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall biogenesis; penicillin class

Milbemycin oxime is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent with action on glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasites and is used for preventing heartworm and treating intestinal worms in animals.

Novobiocin is an aminocoumarin antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase to inhibit ATPase activity and is used for treating staphylococcal infections and research on DNA replication.

Gentamicin C1a pentaacetate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized through the acetylation of the hydroxyl groups in gentamicin C1a. This compound is derived from the fermentation products of Micromonospora species, a genus of actinobacteria. Its mode of action is similar to that of standard aminoglycosides, primarily involving the binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunits. This binding interferes with protein synthesis by causing misreading of mRNA, ultimately leading to the inhibition of protein production and bacterial cell death.

Desfuroyl ceftiofur sodium is a veterinary cephalosporin antibiotic, which is derived from cephalosporin C, a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inactivating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death, particularly effective against Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria.

Validoxylamine A is an antibiotic, which is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of the Actinomyces species. It functions as a potent inhibitor of the enzyme glucose isomerase, which plays a crucial role in the isomerization of glucose to fructose, an important biochemical reaction in various microbial and plant systems.

Rifaximin is a rifamycin antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription and is used for treating travelers' diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy.