Phénylpropanoïdes

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Cryptochlorogenic acid is an isomer of chlorogenic acid and is found in plants. Cryptochlorogenic acid is the major component of the extract of mulberry leaves that is traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus. In a diabetic model in rats, cryptochlorogenic acid alleviated symptoms, such as, blood glucose levels, accumulation of lipid peroxides, and iron content alterations. In vitro studies with RAW 264.7 macrophages, cryptochlorogenic acid showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by increasing both the cellular content of reduced glutathione, and the expression of superoxide dismutase activity, while inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2).

Malabaricone A is a naturally occurring compound, which is a diarylnonanoid isolated from the fruits of Myristica malabarica, commonly known as the Malabar nutmeg tree. This compound exhibits diverse biological activities due to its unique chemical structure, primarily contributing to its mode of action as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Malabaricone A scavenges free radicals and modulates cellular pathways involved in the inflammatory response, making it a potential therapeutic candidate in the management of oxidative stress-related disorders.

4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a polyphenolic compound, which is primarily a derivative of chlorogenic acids found in various plants, notably within the Asteraceae family. It is naturally sourced from leaves, fruits, and other plant tissues where it plays a critical role in the plant's defense mechanisms. It functions through its ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby exhibiting significant antioxidant activity. This compound can inhibit oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting cellular structures from damage.

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a bioactive compound, which is a type of caffeoylquinic acid. This compound is commonly found in various plant sources, including coffee, artichokes, and certain herbal extracts. It is part of a larger family of polyphenolic compounds that are notable for their diverse biological activities.

1-Caffeoylquinic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, which is a type of organic substance commonly found in various plants. This compound is derived primarily from sources such as coffee beans, artichokes, and numerous fruits and vegetables, reflecting its widespread occurrence in the plant kingdom. As a chlorogenic acid, 1-Caffeoylquinic acid functions primarily as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. It also demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Trans-Resveratrol-3,4'-disulfate is a sulfate conjugate of resveratrol, which is a natural polyphenolic compound. It is commonly derived from the metabolic processes involving resveratrol, a compound found in the skin of grapes, berries, and peanuts. As a metabolite, it is typically produced in the liver through sulfation, mediated by sulfotransferase enzymes. This conversion enhances the solubility and stability of resveratrol, potentially increasing its bioavailability compared to its parent compound.

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4’-Demethyldehydropodophyllotoxin is a semi-synthetic lignan, which is a refined and modified product from natural lignans found in certain plant species, particularly those in the genus Podophyllum. This compound undergoes a sophisticated extraction and synthesis process to enhance its biological activity and pharmacological properties.

Caffeic acid is naturally produced by the metabolism of plants and fungi. Caffeic acid has an antioxidant activity that can be higher than tocopherol in oil-in-water emulsions. Caffeic acid has proven antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In mice, caffeic acid inhibits the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase thus inhibititing the biosynthesis of the inflammatory mediators leukotrienes.

Chlorogenic acid is a derivative of caffeic acid and quinic acid; it has an antioxidant activity. Chlorogenic acid has been combined with gadolinium to develop a therapeutic and diagnostic nanodelivery system for MRI imaging. In a rat model of diabetes mellitus, chlorogenic acid counteracted the alterations in lipid profiles typical of type-2 diabetes, especially when administered in combination with tetrahydrocurcumin. In mice fed with a high-fat diet, the consumption of chlorogenic acid resulted in an anti-obesity action that lowered the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In humans, it is readily absorbed in the intestinal tract.

Antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-cancer agent; HSP90 inhibitor