Glucides et Glycoconjugués

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methylglucamine antimonate (cas# 133-51-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of N-(D-galacturonoyl) amino acids and dipeptides.<br>References Klaus, U., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3514 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Fucose was isolated from seaweed.<br>References Clark, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 54, 65 (1922),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity found in fingolimod (F805000).<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfhydryl reactive biotinylaton reagent.<br>References Carlsson, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 173, 723 (1978), Ghebrehiwet, B., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 110, 251 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Shikimic Acid.<br>References Lauhon, C.T. and Bartlett, P.A.: Biochemistry, 33, 14100 (1994), Balasubramanian, S., et al.: Biochemistry, 34, 341 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Carbocisteine (C178760). Carbocisteine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Sunset Yellow FCF (Sunset yellow) is an orange azo dye with pH-dependent absorbance.Sunset Yellow FCF is used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.It is used</p>

<p>Applications Lactitol Monohydrate is the hydrated form of Lactitol(L113550). Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs, such as Adderall. Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods. It is also used medically as a laxative.<br>References Bolhuis, G., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 35, 671 (2009); Toda, Y.: New Food Ind., 33, 21 (1991); Egger, B., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 205 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger. Citric acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in Freezer<br>Applications 2’-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (cas# 10256-24-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An inhibitor of lysozyme, reverses myocardial depression and lessens norepinephrine requirements in Escherichia coli sepsis in dogs.<br>References Lefer, A., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 213, 492 ( 1967), Parrillo, J., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 76, 1539 (1985), Mink, S., et al.: J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol ., 35, 265 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol, used in the preparation of potential hypertensive agents and other biologically active compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chan, K.L. et al.: As. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 1, 91 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.<br>References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications CDPcholine cholinephosphotransferase analog.<br>References Kennedy, E.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem.,222,185 (1956),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis X and related compounds bind to the selectins and act as anti-inflammatory agents.<br>References Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications A radiolabelled pharmaceutical preparation for diagnostic aims used in positron emission tomography.<br>References Chirakal, R., et al.: Applied Radiation Isotopes, 46, 149 (1995), Kuge, Y., et al.: Nuclear Med. Biol., 29, 275 ( 2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiophanium is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol is the novel raw material for deodorants application and is widely used as a cosmetic emollient. 3-[2-(Ethylhexyl)oxyl]-1,2-propandiol reliably inhibits the odor-causing bacteria, yeast and fungi on the skin.<br>References Nagao, S.: Frag. J., 34, 39 (2006); Lawan, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 23, 1 (2009); Leschke, M.: SOFW J., 136, 10 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture and Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Galacto-PUGNAc is a highly selective inhibitor for β-hexosaminidases HEXA and HEXB is cell-permeable. Galacto-PUGNAc is able to modulate the activity of HEXA and HEXB in tissue culture, increasing ganglioside GM2 levels in neuroblastoma cells<br>References Stubbs, K.A. et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48, 1300 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications rac FTY720 is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modular, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibition of T cell infiltration.<br>References Igarashi, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 32363 (2000), Bandhuvula, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33697 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Thioproline is used to create a monolayer on gold electrodes for the determination Copper(II). L-Thioproline has shown to be an effect inhibitor of proline absorption in Saccharomyces chevalieri.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cui, X., et. al.: Sci. China Chem., 53, 257 (2010); Magana-Schwenchke, N., Schwencke, J.: BBA-Biomembranes, 173, 313 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis A Trisaccharide is a component of multiplex glycan bead arrays which play a role in various cellular functions.<br>References Dabelsteen, E., et al.: Cancer Research, 48, 181 (1988), Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993); Purohit, S. et al.: Nat. Comm., 9, 1 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sucrose Heptasulfate Potassium Salt is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aspartame EP Impurity A/ Aspartame USP Related Compound A<br>Applications (2S,5S)-5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic Acid (Aspartame EP Impurity A) is the diketopiperazine impurity of the sweetening agent Aspartame (A790015). It is also found in in processed cocoa powder.<br>References Ciranni Signoretti, E. et al.: Boll. Chim. Farmac., 122, 289 (1983); Prudel, M. et al.: Nahrung, 29, 381 (1985); Bonvehi, J.S. et al.: Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 210, 189 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity E Chloride<br>Applications 3-Cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolinium Chloride is an impurity of Bromhexine Hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine Hydrochloride impurity E Chloride. Bromhexine is an expectorant; mucolytic.<br>References Goicoechea, H., et al.: Talanta, 49, 793 (1999), Ribone, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 591 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-[[(2-Amino-5-bromophenyl)methyl]amino]-cyclohexanol is an impurity of Ambroxol (A575900), a bronchosecretolytic drug and a metabolite of Bromohexine.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications cis-Aconitic Acid is the cis-isomer of Aconitic Acid. The conjugate base of cis-Aconitic Acid is an intermediate in the isomerization of citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle.<br>References Suarez, M., et al.: Food. Nutri. Sci., 3, 705 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cytidine 5’-Phosphate Methyl Ester Sodium Salt is an byproduct formed in the synthesis of analogs of Cytidine 5’-Diphosphate with an important role in the metabolism of phospholipids.<br>References Trotter, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6062 (1995), Janssen, M., et al.: Yeast, 16, 641 (2000), Henneberry, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 511 (2001), Boumann, H., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 3054 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylobiose is a disaccharide that can reduce the blood sugar and blood fat and inhibit the fat accumulation of diet-induced obese rats.<br>References Chen, H., et al.: Shipin Kexue, 35, 255 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Maltopentaose is a maltooligosaccharide that is used for research and diagnostic purposes. They can also be used in nutrients and healthcare.<br>References Ezure, Y. et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1931 (1997); Hatonen, K. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 96, 44 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Biotin Diacid (Biotin EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Biotin (B389040).<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-O-(p-Nitrophenyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic Acid, Sodium Salt, X Hydrate (cas# 123549-14-4 ) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester is useful for developing stabilizers as additives in methanol-gasoline. In addition, Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester can be used to synthesize novel enantiopure γ/δ-amino acid via trans-acetalization.<br>References Jiang, X. and Tang, Y.: Asian J. Chem. 25, 8451 (2013); Guarna, A., et al.: Tetrahedron 58, 9865 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Maltotriose is a trisaccharide resulting from the digestion of Amalose by α-Amalase.<br>References Carvalho, G., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 155, 356 (2009), Huuskonen, A., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1563 (2010), Chang, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2908 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.<br>References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid-2,4-13C2 is an isotopic analog of citric acid (C521000), a component of the Krebs cycle.<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid 1,2-Diethyl Ester is an ethyl citrate found in lemon juice.<br>References Neurath, G. et al.: Zeitsch. Lebens.-Untersuch. Forsch., 136, 284 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-β-neuraminic Acid is a useful reagent in sequential esterification and acetylation of β-​Sialyl phosphite and phosphoramidite.<br>References Methods Enzymol., 5, 391 (1962), Biochemistry, 18, 2086 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Isosorbide Dinitrate. Used as an antianginal.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Goldberg, et al.: Acta Physiol. Scand., 15, 173 (1948), Silvieri, L.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 225 (1975), Laufen, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 980 (1983),<br></p>