Antibiotici

Applications Streptidine, is a metabolite derivative of Streptomycin (S687500), an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, used for patients suffering from tuberculosis or other infectious diseases.
References Granados, O., et al.: Histology and Histopathology, 20(2), 357 (2005);

Applications Nisin Z Hydrochloride is a peptide antibiotic synthesized by Lactococcus lactis. Nisin Z interacts with lipid II, a lipid component of cell wall, to form pores in the plasma membrane.
References Kuipers, O. P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27299 (1995); Breukink, E., et al.: Science 286, 2361 (1999); Breukink, E., et al.: Biochemistry 36, 6968 (1997)

Applications Dicresulene Hydrate is an impurity of Policresulen (P688085), an ideal drug for purulent endometritis and bovine mastitis of the animals.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Xie, R., et al.: Zhejiang Nongye Daxue Xuebao., 24, 259-262 (1998)

Impurity Piperacillin EP Impurity B
Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive
Applications Piperacilloic Acid (Piperacillin EP Impurity B) is a degradation product of Piperacillin (P479950), a new β-lactam antibiotic.
References Waxman, D.J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 255, 3964 (1980), Waley, S.G., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 205, 631 (1982),

Applications Telocinobufagin is isolated as a major component from skin secretion of the toad Bufo rubescens. Telocinobufogenin is a novel antibiotic cardiotonic.
References Akizawa, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 754 (1994); Hancock, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1317 (1999); Jing, Y., et al.: J. Cancer Res., 85, 645 (1994); Kamano, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5440 (2002); Schoner, W., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 269, 2440 (2002); Cunha Filho, G., et al.: Toxicon, 45, 777 (2005)

Applications Surfactin is a lipopeptide antibiotic and biosurfactant.

Applications n-Pentyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate-2,3,5,6-d4 (CAS# 1219798-66-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A new constituent of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoic acids.
References Bollard, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 204, 135 (2005), Slupsky, C., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 6995 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 4-Hydroxychlorpropham Sulfate Sodium Salt, is a chemical herbicide used in the protection of crops. It also maintains the ability to induce mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hepatocytes.
References EPA.: Fed. Reg., 72, 37646 (2007); Nakagawa, Y. et al.: Toxicol., 200, 123 (2004);

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic and is used for the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly skin infections. It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of bactoprenol.

Sulbactam sodium is a beta-lactamase inhibitor with action on bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and is used for enhancing the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; macrolide class

Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate, EP is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, structurally derived from Streptomyces griseus. This compound originates from microbial biosynthesis, a method which harnesses the natural antibiotic-producing capabilities of microbial cultures. The mode of action of dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate involves binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which interrupts the process of protein synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

Geneticin is very efficient against gram-negative bacteria, however it is not applied for treating infections due to high renal toxicity. Geneticin and its resistance genes found application in the selection of transgenic cell lines including yeasts such as P. pastoris and S. serevisiae, other eukaryotic cell lines such as CHO or HEK293, but also plant cells and bacterial cells.

Griselimycin is an antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterial genus *Streptomyces*. This compound exhibits its mode of action by targeting bacterial protein synthesis, specifically binding to the DNA polymerase sliding clamp, thereby inhibiting replication and cell division in a range of bacterial pathogens. Griselimycin has been the focus of renewed scientific interest due to its potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multi-drug-resistant strains. The compound’s unique mode of action makes it a promising candidate for further development in the treatment of tuberculosis and potentially other bacterial infections that have developed resistance to more commonly used antibiotics. Advances in understanding its biosynthesis have facilitated semi-synthetic modifications, potentially enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial spectrum. The applications of Griselimycin extend to research contexts where understanding resistance mechanisms and novel antibiotic development are critical. Continued exploration of this compound may contribute significantly to addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Gentamicin C1a is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is a secondary metabolite derived from the bacterium Micromonospora. This antibiotic functions through a mode of action that involves binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This binding disrupts protein synthesis by causing misreading of the mRNA, ultimately leading to inhibition of bacterial growth and cellular death.

Azithromycin N-oxide is a macrolide antibiotic derivative and is used for research purposes. Its mode of action is similar to azithromycin.

Epioxytetracycline is a degradation product of the antibiotic oxytetracycline. It has been found in wastewater.

Kanamycin B is a broad spectrum antibiotic active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, often used to treat eye infections. Compared to Kanamycin A, it exhibits stronger interaction with the acidic phospholipids.

Cycloheximide is produced by the bacteria Streptomyces griseus. In eukaryotic organisms, it acts as an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis, interfering with protein elongation by binding to the E-site of ribosomes, after two elongation cycles. It has many in vitro applications, with the most popular being to determine a protein’s half-life. It is used as an antifungal in VTM. It does not appear to inhibit cell culture or viral replication at a concentration of 10ug/ml.