Carboidrati e Glicoconiugati

<p>Applications 2-Methylcitric Acid is a metabolite of Citric Acid (C521000). It is formed from the condensation of propionoyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid catalyzed by a citrate synthase enzyme.<br>References Allen, R. H., et al.: Metabolism, 42, 978 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in Freezer<br>Applications 2’-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (cas# 10256-24-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrosobiotin Impurity is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Antitumor effect potentiator and antitumor agent.<br>References Chelbova, et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 19, 1785 (1970), Collins, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 28, 235 (1980), Hoff, P., et al.: Anticancer Drugs, 9, 479 (1998), Backus, H., et al.: Oncol. Res., 12, 231(2000), Peters, G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 4267 (2001).<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactitol Monohydrate is the hydrated form of Lactitol(L113550). Lactitol is listed as an excipient in some prescription drugs, such as Adderall. Lactitol is a sugar alcohol used as a replacement bulk sweetener for low calorie foods. It is also used medically as a laxative.<br>References Bolhuis, G., et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 35, 671 (2009); Toda, Y.: New Food Ind., 33, 21 (1991); Egger, B., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 205 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity C Hydrochloride<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications trans-4-[[(2-Amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methylene]amino]cyclohexanol is an impurity of Ambroxol (A575900), a bronchosecretolytic drug and the metabolite of Bromhexine (B678600). Ambroxol EP Impurity C<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications Monoglycerides fatty acid esters are useful for improvement of texture and flavor of beverages. 93% 1-Oleoyl, 7% 2-oleoyl.<br>References Lee, T.-H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 72, 1960 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled dipeptide ester about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Cloninger, B., et al.: Science, 170, 81 (1970), Oppermann, et al.: J. Nutr., 103, 1454 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-4-[[(2-Amino-5-bromophenyl)methyl]amino]-cyclohexanol is an impurity of Ambroxol (A575900), a bronchosecretolytic drug and a metabolite of Bromohexine.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-β-neuraminic Acid is a useful reagent in sequential esterification and acetylation of β-​Sialyl phosphite and phosphoramidite.<br>References Methods Enzymol., 5, 391 (1962), Biochemistry, 18, 2086 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar solutions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger. Citric acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,6'-Iminobis[N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexanaminium is an impurity of the pharmaceutical Welchol (Colesevelam).<br>References Schoftner, R., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 920, 333 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity D<br>Applications cis-Ambroxol is the cis-isomeric impurity of Ambroxol (A575905). cis-Ambroxol is a metabolite Bromhexine (B678600). Ambroxol EP Impurity D<br>References Liu, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 51, 1134 (2010); Schmid, J.: J. Chrom. Biomed. Appl., 414, 65 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylitol, is a lower-calorie alternative to table sugar. Studies have shown xylitol chewing gum can help prevent acute otitis media. Xylitol is categorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive.<br>References Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US., FDA (2012); Azarparzhooh, A., et al.,: Cochrane data. Sys. Revi. (online) (11), (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Thymidine-alpha,alpha,alpha,6-d4 (CAS# 347841-67-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylobiose is a disaccharide that can reduce the blood sugar and blood fat and inhibit the fat accumulation of diet-induced obese rats.<br>References Chen, H., et al.: Shipin Kexue, 35, 255 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications An α-Glucosidase inhibitor used as an antidiabetic.<br>References Matsuo, T., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 55, 314S (1992), Goke, B., et al.: Digestion, 56, 493 (1995), Shinozaki, K., et al.: Metabolism, 45, 731 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Psicose is a C3 epimer of L-Fructose, which maintains the ability to reduce fat accumulation when added to a diet through inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase.<br>References Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 45, 202 (2009); Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 30, 55 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942); Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956); Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981); Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982); Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose can be as a substrate of β-galactosidase in research studies.<br>References Kotake, T., et al.: Plant Physio., 138(3), 1563-1576 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled derivative of ISP-1 (myriocin), a fungal metabolite of the Chinese herb Iscaria sinclarii as well as a structural analogue of Sphingosine. It is a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numberour models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs. Reported to be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to FTY720-P, which has been shown to potently stimulate GTPgS binding activity in S1P-transfected CHO cells (EC50 = 210 pM, 4.9 nM, 4.3 nM, and 1 nM for S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5, respectively).<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-[13C5]Xylose is a labeled analog of D-Xylose, which is used in diagnostic malabsorption tests as well as in the production of Furfural.<br>References Ehrenpreis E.D. et al.: J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr., 5, 1047 (1992); Sérgio L. et al.: Cat. Comm., 9, 2144 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Thioproline is used to create a monolayer on gold electrodes for the determination Copper(II). L-Thioproline has shown to be an effect inhibitor of proline absorption in Saccharomyces chevalieri.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cui, X., et. al.: Sci. China Chem., 53, 257 (2010); Magana-Schwenchke, N., Schwencke, J.: BBA-Biomembranes, 173, 313 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauramine Oxide, is an frequently-used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful for the synthesis of Biocytin containing peptides to study the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by biotin - containing enzymes.<br>References Bodanszky, M., and Fagan, D.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 235 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications cis-Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a cis isomer of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (A575900 ), a metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Maltotriose is a trisaccharide resulting from the digestion of Amalose by α-Amalase.<br>References Carvalho, G., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 155, 356 (2009), Huuskonen, A., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1563 (2010), Chang, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2908 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isomalt is a sugar alcohol and artificial sweetener.<br>References Martinez-Cervera, S. et al.: Food Hydro., 35, 1 (2014); Ilic, I. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 446, 6 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A low-calorie artificial sweetener<br>References Agresti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 226 (2008), Kidd, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 295, G260 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Valiolamine is a aminocyclitol that exhibits potent alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal sucrase, maltase and isomaltase.<br>References Kameda, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 11, 1301 (1984); Horii, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1038 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Guaifenesin.<br>References Petrow, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 12, 37 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cytidine 5’-Phosphate Methyl Ester Sodium Salt is an byproduct formed in the synthesis of analogs of Cytidine 5’-Diphosphate with an important role in the metabolism of phospholipids.<br>References Trotter, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 270, 6062 (1995), Janssen, M., et al.: Yeast, 16, 641 (2000), Henneberry, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell, 12, 511 (2001), Boumann, H., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 3054 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfhydryl reactive biotinylaton reagent.<br>References Carlsson, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 173, 723 (1978), Ghebrehiwet, B., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 110, 251 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.<br>References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),<br></p>