Nucleosidi e Nucleotidi

<p>Applications N-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (cas# 134-35-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity J<br>Applications O-(Guanin-9-yl)methyl Acyclovir (Aciclovir EP Impurity J) is a dimer impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400).<br>References Ashton, D.S. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 707, 367 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Biopterin. A pteridine widely distributed in nature; naturally occurring as the L-erythro-form. Considered as a growth factor for some insects. Fluoresces with a blue color in alkaline solution.<br>References Klatt, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 13861 (1994), Mitnaul, L., et al.: Biochemistry, 92, 885 (1995), Thony, B., et al.: Biochem. J., 347, 1 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-5-fluoro-1-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-α-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone is an impurity of Capecitabine (C175650), which is an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Has neuroprotective properties improving axonal wiring. Has been used to treat stroke patients to restore neural function. Neuroprotective product.<br>References Vandemeulebroucke, A., et al.: Biochem., 49, 8999 (2010), Nestor, G., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10799 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azathioprine EP Impurity C<br>Applications 5-Chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole (cas# 4897-25-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azacitidine USP Related Compound C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1-(Diaminomethylene)-3-β-D-ribofuranosyl-urea Picrate is a related compound of Azacitidine, a DNA metnyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor for treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).<br>References Rajendiran, C., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2012135405 A1 20121004 (2012); Ziemba, A., et al.: Chemother Res Pract 965826, 9 (2011); Beisler, J. A., et al.: J. Carbohyd. Chem 4, 281 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity M<br>Applications N-Formyl Valacyclovir (Valaciclovir EP Impurity M) Valacyclovir (V085000) impurity.<br>References Furman, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 518 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Capecitabine Related Compound B<br>Applications 5’-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is a metabolite of the chemotherapeutic agent Capecitabine (C175650). 5’-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is an antitumor agent efficient in tumors, cell lines or in fibroblasts tranformed by H-ras or trk oncogenes.<br>References Ingle, J., et al.: Cancer, 67, 886 (1991); Harvey, J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 17, 1474 (1999); Asai-Sato, M., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 115, 539 (2005); Rastelli, F., et al.: Tumori, 94, 370 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetyl Vitamin B12 is a derivative of Vitamin B12 (V676020). Vitamin B12 gets converted by the body into its bioactive forms, methylcobalamin and cobamamide, which serve as enzyme cofactors. Severe deficiency may result in megaloblastic anemia and/or neurological impairment.<br>References Rickes, et al.: Science, 107, 396 (1948); Kirschbaum, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 183 (1981); Grasbeck, R., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 17, 99 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 5-FU, a potent antineoplastic agent in clinical use. Also an inhibitor of DNA synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 221 (1973), Miyashita, O., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 29, 3181 (1981), Hansen, R.M., et al.: Cancer Invest., 9, 637 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity F/ USP Capecitabine Related Compound C<br>Applications Capecitabine-2',3'-cyclic Carbonate (Capecitabine EP Impurity F) is a capecitabine related compound C is an impurity in Capecitabine (C175650), an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).<br>References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A pyrimidine nucleoside analogue with antiviral activity.<br>References van der Vliet, P.C. and Kwant, M.M.: Biochemistry, 20, 2628 (1981), Mitsuya, H., Broder, S.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 1911 (1986), Starnes, M.C., and Cheng, Y.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 988 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Lamivudine-13C1,d2, is the labeled analogue of Lamivudine (L172502). A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.<br>References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cobamamide is an enzyme cofactor that can also regulate gene expression through RNA-base riboswitches.<br>References Ortiz-Guerrero, J.M., et. al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 7565 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azathioprine BP Impurity E<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 5-Hydroxy-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole Sodium Salt is a degradation product of Azathioprine (A803350); an immunosuppressive antimetabolite that is also active as a disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).<br>References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979); Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979); Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987); Sandborn, W.J., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine is a purine analog (1) which used as an antiviral agent. Classed as an anti-retroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV in ART therapy, it also may increase acetaminophen related hepatotoxicity by enhancing mitochrondrial dysfunction (2).<br>References 1. Esplugues, J. et al.: AIDS. 2016 Jun 1;30(9):1341-51.2. Blas-Garcia, A. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2016 Apr;71(4):916-26<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a substituted purine nucleoside with antileukemic activity.<br>References Seto, S., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 75, 377 (1985), Piro, L.D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1117 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2'-Deoxyadenosine Monohydrate is used in the synthesis of 5'-modified 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues as anti-hepatitis C virus agents.<br>References Gordon, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1 (2005), Ikejiri, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 6882 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibacterial and antioxidant for preventing and treating cancer.<br>References Itoh, K., et al.: J. Immunol., 170, 3688 (2003), Liu, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 53196 (2004), Wullaert, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 72, 1090 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine. Used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes.<br>References Jpeeesen, C, and Nielsen, P.E.: Eur. J. Biochem., 182, 437 (1989), Li,J., et al.: J. Exp. Biol., 200, 1499 (1997), Zaitsev, E.N., and Kowalczykowsi, S.C.: Nucl. Acids Res., 26(2), 650 (1998), Germ, M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 261, 452 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dapagliflozin C2 Epimer is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Majewski, A., et al.: Przemysl Chemiczny, 95, 1129 (2016); Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triethyl Methanetricarboxylate is used in the synthesis of novel inhibitors of Hsp90. It is also used in the preparation of novel dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids that function as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.<br>References Day, J. et al.: Chem. A Eur. J., 16, 2758 (2010); Sechi, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 2925 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled Ammeline (A633660), which s a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast RW. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25.3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbon 13 Labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated version of Penciclovir, an antiviral.<br>References Weinberg, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2037 (1992), McMeekin, J.R., et al.: Anal. Proc., 29, 178 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Ribavirin Related Compound A<br>Applications Ribavirin Carboxylic acid is an impurity of Ribavirin (R414475). Ribavirin impurity A.<br>References Lertora, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 50, 442 (1991), Connor, E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 532 (1993), Manns, M., et al.: Lancet, 358, 958 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Abacavir Carboxylate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is a major metabolite of Abacavir (A105000) in human urine and cerebrospinal fluid (1,2,3).<br>References (1) Hoetelmans, R., et al.: Pharm. World Sci., 19, 159 (1997) (2) Beach, J., et al.: Clin. Ther., 20, 2 (1998) (3) McDowell, J., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 2855 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dapagliflozin Methyl Acetate is the impurity of Dapagliflozin (D185370), which is a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile is a predominant metabolite of remdesivir with great potential for Covid-19 treatment.<br>References Yan, V. C., et al.: ACS Med. Chem., 11, 1361 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nitrogen 15 labelled analogue of Adenosine (A280400), a purine nucleoside that plays an important role in various biochemical processes.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity E<br>Applications Used for the experimental and clinical treatment of neoplastic and viral diseases. Fluorouracil EP Impurity E.<br>References Yu, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15935 (1993), Staleva, L., et al.: Mutat. Res., 370, 81(1996), Harris, V., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 326, 1389 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemcitabine intermediate.<br>References Balzarini, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 1988, 37, 2847 (1988), Hertel, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Marquez, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 978 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Hydrolytic impurity of D226730 and A796950 (decitabine)<br>References Beisler, Jj.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 204 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication.<br>References Mitsuya, H., et al.: Nature, 325, 773 (1987), Brehm, J., et al.: Biochem., 47, 14020 (2008), Paredes, R., et al.: J. Virol., 83, 2038 (2009), Wan, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 1144 (2009), Mainardes, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 257 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ribavirin-13C2 is the labeled analogue of Ribavirin (R414475), a purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.<br>References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986); Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993); Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994); Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azacitidine USP Related Compound A<br>Applications Inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli. Azacitidine USP Related Compound A.<br>References Shapir, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 184, 5376 (2002), Hrdlicka, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 1249 (2005), Krecmerova, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 1069 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A new potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, shows long-acting anti-influenza virus activity.<br>References Bantia, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 801 (1998), Honda, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1925 (2002), Kiso, M., et al.: Lancet, 364, 759 (2004), Macdonald, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 2964 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity C<br>Applications 2-[(2-Amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purin-9-yl)methoxy]ethylester N-Methyl-L-Valine (Valaciclovir EP Impurity C) is a useful building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Is used in preparation of N-Alkyl Valaciclovir compounds and intermediates thereof.<br>References Pu, T., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications The calcium salt of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid which belongs to the group of folate vitamins (Vitamin B9, Folacin). It is a coenzymated form of folic acid.<br>References Prinz-Langhebohi, R.: et al., Br. J. Pharmac., 158, 2014 (2009); Wright, A. et al.: Brit, J. Nutrit., 103, 724 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).<br>References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992); Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996); Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999); Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A nucleoside analog phosphates for topical use in the treatment of herpes virus infections. A topical treatment that seems to bypass a key mechanism responsible for resistance to Acyclovir.<br>References Furman, P., et al.: J. Virol., 32, 72 (1979), Darby, G., et al.: J. Gen. Virol., 48, 451 (1980),Prisbe, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 671 (1986), Ellis, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 304 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity F<br>Applications Ethoxy-5-fluoro-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (Fluorouracil EP Impurity F) is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (3C,15N2 labelled, F596002) which is a potent antineoplastic agent in clinical use.<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 221 (1973), Miyashita, O., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 29, 3181 (1981), Hansen, R.M., et al.: Cancer Invest., 9, 637 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Melphalan Hydrochloride is used in combined intravitreal chemotherapy with topotecan hydrochloride for viable vitreous seeding from retinoblastoma. Also, it is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ghassemi, F., et al.: JAMA Ophthalmol., 132, 936-941 (2014); Gao, L. P., et al.: Adv. Mater. Res., 781-784, 993-998 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Nootropic. Analog of Piracetam with psychostimulant activity.<br>References Son, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 36, 657 (2004), Hlinak, Z., et al.: Behaviour. Brain Res., 161, 213 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Adenine Hemisulfate can be one of the factors that influence in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of pomegranate. It can be used in biological study along with varied levels of sucrose, light intensity, and MS medium hydrogen ion concentration where those factors can all significantly influence multiplication and growth of Punica granatum shoots.<br>References Singh, P., &amp; Patel, R., M.: Bioscan, 9, 1031-1035 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Methyl p-toluate is an impurity of 3-Toluoyl Decitabine (T536260), which is an intermediate of decitabine (A796950 for β-Decitabine). It is used as cancer treatment, in particular to inhibit the growth of pancreatic endocrine tumor cell lines.<br>References Deng, T., et al.: Life Sci., 84, 311 (2009), Horne, H., et al.: Mol. Cancer Res., 7, 199 (2009), Zinner, R., et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 8, 521 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Alanine 2-Ethylbutyl Ester Hydrochloride is used in the synthesis of phosphoramidate prodrug of a pyrrolo[2,1-f][triazin-4-amino] adenine C-nucleoside (GS-5734) for the treatment of ebola and emerging viruses.<br>References Siegel, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 60, 1648-1661 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.<br>References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity A<br>Applications Barbituric Acid (Fluorouracil EP Impurity A) is a parent compound of barbiturate drugs. Unsubstituted barbituric acid has no hypnotic properties.<br>References Luo, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3846 (2010), Tomasic, T., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1667 (2010), Gilbert, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 636 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is a biofolic acid that can be used in the treatment of methotrexate, often in combination with Methotrexate (MTX) to reduce MTX-</p>

<p>Applications Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Menthol is used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.<br>References Ikaheimo, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 46, 287 (2000), Gillet, Y., et al.: Lancet, 359, 753 (2002), Turos, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2002, 12, 2229 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A tryptamine derivative, a neurotransmitter agonist.<br>References Creveling, C. R., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 211 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is the disodium salt of F701085, which is a Folic Acid (F680300) derivative. Folic Acid is a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is also used in the diagnosis and prevention and therapy of cerebral folate dificiency in relation to formation of folate receptor autoantibodies and treatment with reduced folate and antioxidants.<br>References Slieker, L.J., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 25, 294-302 (1984); Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010); Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010); Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010); McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010)Ramaekers, WO 2006119589, (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications An antineoplastic.<br>References Hertel, L.W., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Abbruzzese, J.L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 9, 491 (1991), Ruiz, V.W.T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 762 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) is a central component of energy storage, metabolism, and signal transduction in vivo. It serves as a precursor for ATP and, in this capacity, is utilized in a wide number of cellular processes, including respiration, biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.<br>References Knowles, J.R., et al.: Annual Reviews of Biochemistry 49, 877-919 (1980); Klingenberg, M., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1778(10), 1978-2021 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications A constituent of nucleic acids. It was isolated from yeast nucleic acid.<br>References Parrou, J., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 248, 186 (1997), Phipps, A., et al.: Xenobiotica, 28, 527 (1998), Mohler, R., et al.: Anal. Chem., 78, 2700 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability We have observed that this material decomposes steadily over time. Use immediate<br>Applications L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid is a folic acid derivative and coenzyme involved in the metabolism of amino and nucleic acids. We have observed that this material decomposes steadily over time. Use immediately upon receipt.<br>References Prinz-Langenohl, R., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009), Martin, H., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 402, 137 (2010), Dasarathy, J., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nut., 91, 357 (2010), Karas-Kuzelicki, N., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 43, 37 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,7-Dimethylpterin, a derivative of Folic Acid (F680300) is used as a biomarker for a non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Also can function as chromophores in light sensitive proteins allowing for analysis of target cells.<br>References Kritskii, M.S. et al.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk., 380, 408 (2001); Gamagedara, S. et al.: Clin. Chim. Acta., 412, 128 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity<br>Applications Abacavir Sulfate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methylpterin is a derivative of Folic Acid (F680300) which is a precursor of coenzymes involved in metabolism of various nucleotides and nucleic acids.<br>References Dantola, M.L. et al.: Photochem Photobiol Sci., 9, 1604 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-7-(chloromethyl)pteridin-4(1H)-one is the impurity F of Folic acid (F680300) as per EP monograph.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5′-Deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine (Methylthioadenosine) may be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of 5′-methylthioadenosinephosphorylase (MTAP) (EC2.4.2.28), a tumor suppressor gene expressed enzyme that supports the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and methionine salvage pathways. Methylthioadenosine is used in studies on bacterial quorum sensing pathways that envolve enzymes such as 5′-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN).<br>References Pegg, A., et al.: Biochem. J., 115, 241 (1969), Olopade, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 2410 (1993), Hartmann, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 52, 1127 (2006), Penner, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 52, 534 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Lamivudine (L172500) intermediate.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993).<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetoguanide is a degradation product of the sulfonylurea herbicide Iodosulfuron.<br>References Pramauro, E., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1790 (1993); Rouchard, J., et al.: Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 85, 103 (2003); Brigante, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 5347 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 9-Oxofolic Acid is a derivative of Folic Acid (F680300) which is a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA. Folic Acid also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Didanosine EP Impurity E<br>Applications 2',3'-Anhydroinosine (Didanosine EP Impurity E) is an impurity of the antiviral drug 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine (D440950).<br>References Rao, D.V.N. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed.Anal., 45, 516 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.<br>References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine, Sulfate (cas# 35011-47-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.<br>References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Remdesivir related compound 12 is a synthetic drug product. It is an impurity standard used for the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, remdesivir. The substance is a custom synthesis and can be synthesized to meet customer specifications. Remdesivir related compound 12 has been studied in animal models for metabolism studies and human pharmacokinetic studies. This substance is also used for research and development, as well as niche drug development.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-9-[2-(acetyloxy)ethoxy]methyl-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one (ademetionine) is a prodrug that is metabolized in the liver to form ademetionine. Ademetionine is a potent inhibitor of guanosine deaminase, which is an enzyme that breaks down guanosine into guanine and ammonia. Ademetionine has shown efficacy in cancer treatment and may also be used to treat tuberculosis. The metabolism of this drug takes place in the liver, where it undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form the active metabolite ademetionine. Metabolism of this drug can be inhibited by drugs such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS), which are used for the treatment of malaria. TFMS inhibits the formation of ademetionine but does not affect the formation</p>