Fitochimici

Applications Madecassic Acid is a terpenoid with an ursane skeleton isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassic Acid displays anti-inflammatory properties as a result of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 inhibition via the downregulation of NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Madecassic Acid is found in cosmetic products due to its skin-protective activities.
References Wonh, J.H. et al.: Planta Med., 76, 251 (2010); Kwon, M.C. et al.: J. Biotechnol., 157, 100 (2012); Loiseau, A. et al.: Cosm. Toil., 115, 63 (2000);

Applications Squalene 2,3:22,23-Dioxide is formed from the epoxidation of 2,3-oxidosqualene, by squalene epoxidase. Squalene 2,3:22,23-Dioxide is accumulated intracellularly during the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
References Bai, M.: et al: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 185, 323 (1992); Chang, T. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 254, 11258 (1979)

Applications Lanosterol is a sterol cholesterol precursor that maintains a stable concentration in the cortex of rats during aging however concentrations of Lanosterol increases in the liver during aging. Lanosterol is found in Mushroom Inonotus obliquus (I.obliquus) which is known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
References Smiljanic, K., et. al.: Lipids, 48, 1069 (2013); Ma, L., et. al.: Food Chem., 139, 503 (2013)

Applications Limetol, is the cyclized derivative of linalool (L465950), melanol, and other unsaturated alcohols, that was shown to give a product mixture that can be used in fragrance and perfumery industry.
References Klimánková, E., et al.: Food Chem., 107, 464 (2008); Nakamura, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5480 (2009); Soni, A. et al.: Synth. Comm., 40, 74 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Stachydrine Chloride is a constituent of the Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet. its used in clinics to support blood circulation and dispel blood stasis.
References Yin, J. et al.: Am. J. Chin. Med., 38, 157 (2010); Servillo, L. et al.: J. Cell. Biochem., 114, 2522 (2013);

Applications 2-(Hydroxymethyl)butanoic Acid was used as a substrate to study the activity of 2-methyl-3hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in patients and carriers.
References Garcia-Villoria., J., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 27 (2009);

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications Levopimaric Acid is a major component of pine oleoresin. It is an abietane-type of diterpene resin acid and has antibacterial, cardiovascular, and antioxidant properties.
References Kersten, P. J., et al.: J. Chem. Ecol., 32(12), 2679-85 (2006)

Applications Sinapine, is an alkaloidal amine found in black mustard seeds. It is the choline ester of Sinapic Acid (S486800).It is also a phenolic-chloine conjugates, acting as anti-oxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, that can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
References Tzagoloff, A., et al.: plant Physiology, 38, 202 (1963); Karvela, E., et al.: Food Chem., 110, 263 (2008),

Applications JHSB3 is an acyclic sesquiterpenoid that regulates many aspects of insect physiology. Juvenile Hormone regulate development, reproduction, diapause, and polyphenisms.
References Kotaki, T., et al.: Org. Let., 11, 5234 (2009); Riddiford, L.: Adv. Insect Physiol., 24, 213 (1994); Wyatt, G., Davey, K.: Adv. Insect Physiol., 26, 1 (1996); Nijhout, H.: Insect Hormones (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton) (1994)

Applications Cyanidin 3-O-Rutinoside retards absorption of carbohydrates by inhibition of α-glucosidase which may be useful as a potential inhibitor for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
References Raptis, S., et al.: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001, 109, S265,,Ceriello, A; Diabetes 2005, 54, 1,,Chiasson, J; Endocr Pract 2006, 12, 25,,,Misra, A; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93, S9

Applications 4-(4-Hydroxybutyl)benzoic Acid Methyl Ester is a benzoic acid derivative used in the preparation of yrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based antitumor agents as well as other biologically active compounds.
References Barnett, C.J. et al.: Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 3, 184 (1999); Zhao, D. et al.: Zhong. Yao. Huax. Zaz., 18, 445 (2008);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Chelerythrine Chloride is a cell permeable protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor.
References Song, L., et. al.: Brain Res., 1564, 52 (2014)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Morusin is an inhibitor of human cervical cancer stem cell growth, attenuating NF-kB activity, and initiating apoptosis.
References Wang, L. et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 379, 7 (2013);

Applications Withanolide A, is a neuritogenic steroid. It may act as deterrent for feeding insect larva and other herbivores. Withaferin A, causes activation of Notch2 and Notch4 in human breast cancer cells, and thus used as novel anticancer agents.
References Liffert, R., et al.: Chemical Science, 4, 2851 (2013); Lee. J., et al.: Breast Cancer, Res. treat., 136, 45 (2012);

Applications Palmatine Chloride is a protoberberine alkaloid, as a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive agent.
References Bhadra, K. et al.: Med. Res. Rev., 31, 821 (2011)

Applications A potent novel activators of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Imaizumei, Y. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 62, 836 (2002); Chang, S. et al.: AM. J. Physiol., 298, F1416 (2010);

Applications Spinosin is a C-glycoside flavonoid extracted from Zizhiphi Spinozae, improved pentobarbital-induced sleep.
References Wang, Li. et al.: Pharm. Biochem. Behav., 90, 399 (2008);

Applications 4-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-methyllvisamminol is a novel epigenetic suppressor of histone H3 phosphorylation. Potent anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agent.
References Kang, J. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 4763 (2014); Kong, X. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 148, 842 (2013);

Applications A hydroxylated psoralen that inhibits neutrophil infiltration and brain edema induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. A potentially useful antiarrhythmic agent. It has been shown to be effective in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation of mice induced by chloroform, of rats induced by calcium chloride, and in treatment of rat arrhythmia induced by aconitine. Recent studies show that it may also have antioxidant and anticancer activities.
References Lian, Q. et al.: Zhongcaoyao, 27, 347 (1996); He, W. et al.: Zhong. Yao. Tong., 25, 668 (2009); Prasad, K.N. et al.: Food Chem., 118, 62 (2009);

Applications Baohuoside I is an inhibitor of cell growth and also is a down-regulator of durvivin and cyclin D1 expression. Used in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Anti-cancer agent.
References Lifang, W. et al.: Oncology Rep., 26, 1149 (2011); Jin, X. et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 39, 1421 (2013);

Applications Notoginsenoside R1 acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibiting TNF-α induced PAI-1 production in aortic smooth muscle cells in humans.
References Zhang, H. et al.: Vasc. Pharmacol., 44, 224 (2006);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Ginsenoside F2 is a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng with the ability to regulate element-binding protein cleavage activating protein and transforming growth factor-β pathways. This control over apoptosis can lead to a control over hair growth and hair loss in mammals.
References Shin, H. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 37, 755 (2014); Shin, H. et al.: Eur. J. Pharm., 730, 82 (2014);

Applications A hydroxylated psoralen that acts as a potent inhibitors of debenzylation activity of CYP3A4 enzyme with an IC50 value of 24.92 and 42.93 μM, respectively. Recent studies suggest that it may have antiproliferative and anticancer properties.
References Girennavar, B. et al.: Bororg. Med. Chem., 14, 3684 (2007); Girennavar, B. et al..: J. Food Sci., 72, C417 (2007); Joa, H. et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 74, 1513 (2011); Hirata, T. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem.

Applications 8,9-Di-O-methyl-urolithin D is a derivative of Urolithin D (U847020) which is used in biological studies to evaluate DNA gyrase inhibitory activity of ellagic acid derivatives.
References Weidner-Weels, M. A., et al: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 97 (1998)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Praeruptorin B is a bioactive constituent of Peucedani Radix, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used in the treatment of respiratory and pulmonary disorders.
References Song, Y. et al.: Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spect., 25, 719 (2011);

Applications Sulforaphene is an extract from the seeds of Raphanus sativus and displays anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.
References Kim, K. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 151, 503 (2014);

Applications An iridoid glycoside that exhibits protective effects against hepatic injury and other diabetic complications associated with abnormal metabolic states and inflammation caused by oxidative stress and advanced glycation endproduct formation. A potential anti-amnesic agent.
References Yamabe, N. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmmacol., 648, 179 (2010); de Carman Recio, M. et al.: Planta Medica, 3, 232 (1994); Kwon, S. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 619, 44 (2009);

Stability Volatile
Applications In the presence of sugars, lysine, similarly to asparagine and phenylalanine, can undergo carbonyl-assisted decarboxylative deamination reaction to generate pent-4-en-1-amine, the counterpart of acrylamide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Stadler, R., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 1242 (2003), Stadler, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5550 (2004),

Applications Steviol is an aglycone of the natural sweetener Stevioside (90%, S686730) and is found to be highly mutagenic compared to Stevioside.
References Toskulkac, C., et al.: Drug Chem. Toxicol., 20, 31 (1997); Pezzuto, J.M., et al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 2478 (1985); Matsui, M., et al.: Mutagenesis, 11, 573 (1996); Koyama, E., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 41, 875 (2003)

Applications Quassin is a naturally occurring extract from quassia trees and is used in traditional chinese medicine for its antiulcerogenic properties. Quassin have also been used as an additive in soft drinks.
References Raji, Y., et al.: Afr. J. Trad. Comp. Alter. Med., 9, 112 (2012); Beutler, J.A., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 72, 503 (2009);

Applications Typhaneoside is a flavonoid glycoside plant extract with potential ability to treat primary dysmenorrhea through the Shaofu Zhuyu decoction.
References Shulan S. et al.: Am. J. Chin. Med., 38, 777 (2010); Huang, X. et al.: J. Chrom. B. Anal. Tech. Biomed. Life Sci., 962, 75 (2014);

Applications 5α-Pregnane-3-one-20α-ol, is a steroid metabolome, that can be used for in studies of a possible tool for laboratory diagnosis of schizophrenia. It is also a metabolite of Progesterone (P755900) in adipose cells.
References Bicikova, M., et al.: J. Steriod Biochem. Mol. Bio., 77, 133 (2013); Zhang, Y., et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinology, 298, 76 (2009);

Applications β-D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid Propyl Methyl Ester, 2,3,4-Triacetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Propyl β-D-Glucuronide (P835275), a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.
References Moench, B., et al.: Carbohydrate. Res., 352, 186 (2012);

Applications A methylated pyrollidine which is an essential part of the structure of Cefipime (C242750) often analyzed via ion chromatography. A cigarette smoke constitutent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Prasanna, S.J. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 48, 830 (2010); Adam, T. et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 657, 36 (2010);

Applications A flavor compound from orange essence oil.
References Shaw, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 27, 246 (1979), Swaine, R., et al.: Perf. Flav., 13, 2 (1988), Weyerstahl, P., et al.: Flav. Fragr. J., 14, 225 (1999),

Applications Anthragallol is the most active inhibitor against xanthine oxidase.
References Friedlander, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 261, 7123 (1986), Abrami, L., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 160, 295 (2003), Chopra, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 9402 (2003),