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2-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid is a molecule that can be found in the human liver. It is a metabolite of the drug 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, which inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch-clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.
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