Product Information
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS) composed of lipid A. Lipid A is produced from the tetra-acylated precursor molecule, lipid IVA. As a part of a host's innate immune response there are toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 which are expressed on immune cells. TLR4 and MD-2 recognize LPS leading to the activation of NFκB and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Studies have suggested lipid A in Escherichia coli to be an agonist for both mouse and human TLR4, while lipid IVA can induce species specific TLR4 responses. For example for horse and mouse TLR4 and MD-2, Lipid IVA is an agonist where as it is an antagonist for TLR4 and MD-2 in humans.
Chemical properties
Technical inquiry about: 3D-CLP-24006-S Lipid IVa
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