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Thioctamide is a drug that belongs to the class of drugs called sulfonylureas. It is an anti-diabetic drug that has been used for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes. Thioctamide binds to mitochondrial dehydrogenases and lipoamidases, inhibiting mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism. This leads to a decrease in cellular ATP levels, which can be measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of thioctamide on cells can also be determined by examining the response of cells to different concentrations of thioctamide using a cell viability assay. This drug has been shown to inhibit the growth of HL60 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 2.6 µM to 6.4 µM depending on concentration. Thioctamide inhibits the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and integrin receptor β1 in HL60 cells, which may be due to its ability to act
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