Monossacáridos

1,2:4,5-Di-O-cyclohexylidene-b-D-fructopyranose is a modification of the natural carbohydrate 1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-b-D-fructopyranose. It is an oligosaccharide composed of three units of b-D-fructofuranose linked by α-(1,2) and β-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. The methylation and glycosylation of this saccharide can be customized to produce a wide range of products with different properties. 1,2:4,5 Di O cyclohexylidene b D fructopyranose can be used in applications such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
The molecular formula for this compound is C10H14O8 and its CAS number is 18608-92-9.

L-Gluconic acid calcium salt is a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The structure of this compound has not been fully elucidated, but it is known to be a modification of L-gluconic acid, which is a monosaccharide. This product can be used as a biochemical reagent for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

D-Gluconic acid manganese salt (DGM) is a glycol ether that is used as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of infectious diseases. It binds to the metal ions in bacterial cell walls and disrupts their function. DGM has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as phosphoglucoisomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. DGM also has covalent linkages that may be involved in its antimicrobial activity. The structure of DGM has been determined by X-ray diffraction data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which show that it belongs to group p2.

The glucuronidation of 1-O-(trans-3-hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is mediated by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. This reaction is catalyzed by the transfer of a glucuronic acid residue from UDP-glucuronic acid to a hydroxyl group on the side chain of 1-O-(trans-3-hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide ammonium salt. The kinetic analysis of human urine samples has shown that this reaction is significant. This metabolite can be detected in urine samples using next generation sequencing and its concentration can be used as an indicator for the consumption of tobacco or nicotine containing products. Epidemiological studies have shown that this metabolite has significant effects on cancer risk. Genotyping and genotype studies have shown that this metabolite is responsible for genetic polymorphisms that are associated with increased cancer risk.

Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is a flavonoid derivative that is found in plant tissue. It has antioxidant properties and has been shown to inhibit leucaena seed germination, growth, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside can be extracted from fruit by using an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. It is also used as a dietary supplement for its potent inhibitory activity on ROS. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is found in plants with other flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. The chemical structure of this compound consists of a hydroxyl group at the C3 position and an O-glycosidic linkage to galactose at the C2 position. This compound can be detected by mass spectrometric methods such as electron ionization or electrospray ionization because it

6-Azido-6-deoxy-1,2:3,5-bisisopropylidene-D-glycero-L-guloheptitol is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. It is prepared by the fluorination of 6,6'-azido-1,2:3,5 bisisopropylidene D-glycero L guloheptitol. The chemical name of 6,6'-azido 1,2:3,5 bisisopropylidene D glycero L guloheptitol is 2-(6'-Amino)-2-(6'-deoxy)-1-(isopropylidene)ethanol. This compound has been shown to react with carbonyl groups in sugar molecules to form new compounds called glycosides. 6,6'-Amino 1,

Allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-galacturonide methyl ester is a synthetic monosaccharide that is custom synthesized for use in modifying complex carbohydrates. It has the CAS number 130506-36-4 and can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This chemical may be fluorinated to give a fluorinated carbohydrate, which may then be methylated to produce an allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-galacturonide methyl ester. Allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--b--D--galacturonide methyl ester is also known as Methylated galacturonic acid or 2,3,4 Triacetate D Galacturonic Acid Methyl Ester.

Conduritol D (CD) is a natural product that has been isolated from the pancreas of rats. It is homochiral, and it has been shown to be active in the treatment of diabetic patients. CD has a hydroxy group at C-4' and an alcohol group at C-5'. The functional groups are acetylated at C-3', which may make this compound more potent than other similar compounds with different functional groups. It is also synthesized stereoselectively, making it a selective molecule. CD has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties that may be beneficial for treating diabetes.

Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, occurs widely in plants, such as, the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus spp.  Commercially it is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose (Collins, 2006).  Sorbitol is approved as a sugar substitute with the E number 420 and has ‘generally recognized as safe’ status (GRAS) from the US Food and Drug Administration. It is about 60% as sweet as sucrose and is a mild laxative.  Sorbitol has a wide range of other functional properties, including: humectancy, plasticizing ability, non-cariogenicity, and good chemical stability in harsh conditions, such as, alkaline pH and heat. Toothpaste production is the second largest application of sorbitol, accounting for 50,000 tons a year in Western Europe alone.  Other important uses of sorbitol as a humectant, include: formulation of cough syrups, multivitamin preparations, emulsions, and suspensions (O’Neil, 2013).

Component of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls. Peptidoglycan is a mesh-like polymer, made of a glycan backbone containing alternating subunits of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N‐acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). An enzyme substrate that is used to characterize and differentiate MurNAc and GlcNAc kinases.

Methyl a-D-thiomannopyranoside is a synthetic, fluorinated carbohydrate. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates that contain saccharide and oligosaccharide moieties. Methyl a-D-thiomannopyranoside can be modified by glycosylation or methylation reactions to produce desired products.

5-Keto-D-gluconic acid is an intermediate in the synthetic pathway of glucose. The enzyme 5-keto-D-gluconate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 5-keto-D-gluconate to D-glucono-1,5-lactone. This reaction is important for plant physiology and is used industrially for the production of citric acid. In order to synthesize 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, a p. pastoris strain was engineered with an increased expression of 5KGDH, which led to an increase in the production of this compound. This synthesis took place through a dinucleotide phosphate intermediate that was formed by two molecules of malonic acid. Citric acid was also synthesized from this intermediate.
The enzyme activity levels were measured using a bacterial strain that contained a wild type gene sequence (WT) and a mutant gene sequence (

L-Gulono-gamma-lactone is a natural vitamin C metabolite that is synthesized from L-ascorbic acid in the liver. It has been shown to inhibit the oxidase and other enzymes involved in ascorbic acid metabolism, which may be due to its ability to bind to iron. L-Gulono-gamma-lactone also inhibits polymerase chain reactions in rat liver microsomes and inhibits the activities of ascorbic acid and glutathione reductase in rat hepatic tissues. This compound is not active against humans, but it has been shown to have antioxidation properties.

N-Acetyl-5-bromo-3-indoxyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a custom synthesis of an acetylated bromoglycoside. This compound is a synthetic modification of the natural product and has been shown to be effective against various bacteria. The synthesis of this compound can be achieved by the click reaction with methyl 2,2'-dithiopropionate and 5,5'-dimethoxytrityl chloride in the presence of trimethylsulfonium iodide. N—Acetyl—5—bromo—3—indoxyl—2,3,4—tri—O—acetyl--b--D--glucuronic acid methyl ester is also a monosaccharide sugar that is a carbohydrate with a high purity and modifies proteins at their active site. It also has

(-)-isolariciresinol-2a-O-b-D-xylopyranoside is a methylated saccharide that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is synthesized by reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol, and it has been modified using click chemistry. The product is purified to be at least 98% pure, and it can be custom synthesized to order. (-)-isolariciresinol-2a-O-b-D-xylopyranoside can be fluorinated for use as a fluorescent probe for various applications. It has a CAS number of 564964-92-1.

Phenyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside is a heterocycloalkyl compound that contains a phenyl group and a beta-D-thioglucopyranoside. It is used as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, yellow dye, and cancer drugs. Phenyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside binds to the cell membrane of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins. This compound also has alkenyl and haloalkyl groups, which may be important for its biological activity. Phenyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside can be crystallized in two different forms: one with a crystalline form, which is yellow; the other with a crystalline form, which is colorless.

(2R, 3S, 4S) -3-Fluoro-4-(fluoromethyl)-1-(phenylmethyl)-2-azetidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester is a synthetic compound that is used in the preparation of modified saccharides and oligosaccharides. These compounds are used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. This product also has fluoroquinolone resistance and has been shown to be an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II transcription and DNA topoisomerase I.