Silicones

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; polyMethylHydrosiloxanes, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane homopolymers are used as water-proofing agents, reducing agents and as components in some foamed silicone systems.<br>Poly(methylhydrosiloxane); Methyl hydrogen siloxane; Polysiloxanes, methyl hydrogen; Siloxanes and silicones, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 15-25 cStMolecular Weight: 1,400-1,800 g/molMol% Hydride: 100Reduces lactones to lactolsReduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, triglycerides and epoxides to alcohols with zinc hydride catalysisWith titanium tetraisopropoxide catalysis carries out reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes and the reduction of acids or esters to 1° alcoholsWith TBAF catalysis selectively reduces aldehydes over ketonesUsed to generate tri-n-butyltin hydride ‘in-situ’ and in a one-pot hydrostannylation/Stille coupling sequenceReduces esters to alcoholsExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>DMS-H21: Hydride Terminated PDMS, 100 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Hydride terminated silicones are chain extenders for vinyl-addition silicones, enabling low-viscosity, high elongation formulations. They are also intermediates for functionally terminated silicones.<br>DMS-H21 Properties<br>Viscosity: 100 cStMolecular Weight: 4,000-5,000 g/molWt.% Hydride: 0.04<br></p>

<p>DMS-V46: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 60,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V46 Properties<br>Viscosity: 60,000 cStMolecular Weight: 117,000 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.04-0.06Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.018-0.020<br></p>

<p>DMS-V21: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 100 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V21 Properties<br>Viscosity: 100 cStMolecular Weight: 6,000 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.8-1.2 Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.33-0.37<br></p>

<p>DMS-S15: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 45-85 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S15 Properties<br>Viscosity: 45-85 cStMolecular Weight: 2,000-3,500 g/molWt.% OH: 0.9-1.2OH (eq/kg): 0.53-0.70<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; polyMethylHydrosiloxanes, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane homopolymers are used as water-proofing agents, reducing agents and as components in some foamed silicone systems.<br>Poly(methylhydrosiloxane); Methyl hydrogen siloxane; Polysiloxanes, methyl hydrogen; Siloxanes and silicones, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 30-45 cStMolecular Weight: 2,100-2,400 g/molMol% Hydride: 100Reduces lactones to lactolsReduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, triglycerides and epoxides to alcohols with zinc hydride catalysisWith titanium tetraisopropoxide catalysis carries out reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes and the reduction of acids or esters to 1° alcoholsWith TBAF catalysis selectively reduces aldehydes over ketonesUsed to generate tri-n-butyltin hydride ‘in-situ’ and in a one-pot hydrostannylation/Stille coupling sequenceReduces esters to alcoholsExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>DMS-H05: Hydride Terminated PDMS, 4-6 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Hydride terminated silicones are chain extenders for vinyl-addition silicones, enabling low-viscosity, high elongation formulations. They are also intermediates for functionally terminated silicones.<br>DMS-H05 Properties<br>Viscosity: 4-6 cStMolecular Weight: 600-700 g/molWt.% Hydride: 0.3<br></p>

<p>DMS-R11: Methacryloxypropyl Terminated PDMS, 8-14 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Methacrylate and Acrylate functional siloxanes undergo the same reactions generally associated with methacrylates and acrylates, the most conspicuous being radical induced polymerization. Unlike vinylsiloxanes which are sluggish compared to their organic counterparts, methacrylate and acrylate siloxanes have similar reactivity to their organic counterparts. The principal applications of methacrylate functional siloxanes are as modifiers to organic systems. Upon radical induced polymerization, methacryloxypropyl terminated siloxanes by themselves only increase in viscosity. Copolymers with greater than 5 mole % methacrylate substitution crosslink to give non-flowable resins. Acrylate functional siloxanes cure greater than ten times as fast methacrylate functional siloxanes on exposure to UV in the presence of a photoinitiator such as ethylbenzoin. <br>Oxygen is an inhibitor for methacrylate polymerization in general. The high oxygen permeability of siloxanes usually makes it necessary to blanket these materials with nitrogen or argon in order to obtain reasonable cures.<br>DMS-R11 Properties<br>Viscosity: 8-14 cStMolecular Weight: 900-1,200 g/molRefractive Index: 1.422<br></p>

<p>PDV-1641: Vinyl Terminated Diphenylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>These fluids are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers where special thermal or optical properties are required.<br>PDV-1641 Properties<br>Viscosity: 10,000 cStMolecular Weight: 55,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.033-0.040Refractive Index: 1.465<br></p>

<p>DMS-S45: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 50,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S45 Properties<br>Viscosity: 50,000 cStMolecular Weight: 110,000 g/molWt.% OH: 0.03OH (eq/kg): 0.015-0.017<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen, Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 25-35 cStMolecular Weight: 1,900-2,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 25-35Reduced volatility grade available, HMS-301Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-999Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>Pendant Functional Fluid; Methyl Hydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen; Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 5,000-8,000 cStMolecular Weight: 45,000-60,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 0.5-1.5High molecular weight silane reducing agentReduced volatility grade available, HMS-013RExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>DMS-V42: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 20,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V42 Properties<br>Viscosity: 20,000 cStMolecular Weight: 72,000 g/molWt.% Vinyl:0.07-0.09Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.025-0.030<br></p>

<p>DMS-R05: Methacryloxypropyl Terminated PDMS, 4-6 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Methacrylate and Acrylate functional siloxanes undergo the same reactions generally associated with methacrylates and acrylates, the most conspicuous being radical induced polymerization. Unlike vinylsiloxanes which are sluggish compared to their organic counterparts, methacrylate and acrylate siloxanes have similar reactivity to their organic counterparts. The principal applications of methacrylate functional siloxanes are as modifiers to organic systems. Upon radical induced polymerization, methacryloxypropyl terminated siloxanes by themselves only increase in viscosity. Copolymers with greater than 5 mole % methacrylate substitution crosslink to give non-flowable resins. Acrylate functional siloxanes cure greater than ten times as fast methacrylate functional siloxanes on exposure to UV in the presence of a photoinitiator such as ethylbenzoin. <br>Oxygen is an inhibitor for methacrylate polymerization in general. The high oxygen permeability of siloxanes usually makes it necessary to blanket these materials with nitrogen or argon in order to obtain reasonable cures.<br>DMS-R05 Properties<br>Viscosity: 4-6 cStMolecular Weight: 380-550 g/molRefractive Index: 1.448<br></p>

<p>DMS-V35: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 5,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V35 Properties<br>Viscosity: 5,000 cStMolecular Weight: 49,500 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.10-0.13Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.04-0.05<br></p>

<p>DMS-S51: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 90,000-150,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S51 Properties<br>Viscosity: 90,000-150,000 cStMolecular Weight: 139,000 g/molWt.% OH: 0.02OH (eq/kg): 0.010-0.015<br></p>

<p>DMS-V31: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 1,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V31 Properties<br>Viscosity: 1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 28,000 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.18-0.26Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.07-0.10<br></p>

<p>DMS-S27: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 700-800 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S27 Properties<br>Viscosity: 700-800 StMolecular Weight: 18,000 g/molWt.% OH: 0.2OH (eq/kg): 0.11-0.13<br></p>

<p>PDV-0325: Vinyl Terminated Diphenylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>These fluids are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers where special thermal or optical properties are required.<br>PDV-0325 Properties<br>Viscosity: 500cStMolecular Weight: 15,500 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.10-0.16Refractive Index: 1.420<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen, Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 25-35 cStMolecular Weight: 1,900-2,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 15-18Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-998Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>DMS-S35: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 5,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S35 Properties<br>Viscosity: 5,000 cStMolecular Weight: 49,000 g/molWt.% OH: 0.07OH (eq/kg): 0.039-0.043<br></p>

<p>DMS-V25R: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, Reduced Volatility, 500 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V25R Properties<br>Viscosity: 500 cStMolecular Weight: 17,200 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.37-0.43Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.11-0.13Total Volatiles, 4 hrs@ 150°C: 0.2% maximum<br></p>

<p>MCR-V21: monoVinyl Terminated Polydimethylsiloxane (Monofunctional Fluid)<br>Mono-vinyl functional PDMS macromers are monodisperse (low PDI) fluids that can be used as components in silicone gels and modifiers in release coatings.<br>MCR-V21 Properties<br>Viscosity: 80-120 cStMolecular Weight: 5,500-6,500 g/molRefractive Index: 1.403<br></p>

<p>DMS-R31: Methacryloxypropyl Terminated PDMS, 1,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Methacrylate and Acrylate functional siloxanes undergo the same reactions generally associated with methacrylates and acrylates, the most conspicuous being radical induced polymerization. Unlike vinylsiloxanes which are sluggish compared to their organic counterparts, methacrylate and acrylate siloxanes have similar reactivity to their organic counterparts. The principal applications of methacrylate functional siloxanes are as modifiers to organic systems. Upon radical induced polymerization, methacryloxypropyl terminated siloxanes by themselves only increase in viscosity. Copolymers with greater than 5 mole % methacrylate substitution crosslink to give non-flowable resins. Acrylate functional siloxanes cure greater than ten times as fast methacrylate functional siloxanes on exposure to UV in the presence of a photoinitiator such as ethylbenzoin. <br>Oxygen is an inhibitor for methacrylate polymerization in general. The high oxygen permeability of siloxanes usually makes it necessary to blanket these materials with nitrogen or argon in order to obtain reasonable cures.<br>DMS-R31 Properties<br>Viscosity: 1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 25,000 g/molRefractive Index: 1.404<br></p>

<p>DMS-V25: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 500 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V25 Properties<br>Viscosity: 500 cStMolecular Weight: 17,200 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 0.37-0.43Vinyl (eq/kg): 0.11-0.13<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen, Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 750-1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 20,000-25,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 4-6Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-994Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>VDT-731: Vinylmethylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated (Pendant Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl containing copolymers are used as crosslinkers in Pt and peroxide 2-part addition cure elastomers.<br>VDT-731 Properties<br>Viscosity: 800-1,200 cStMolecular Weight: 28,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.9-1.1<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen, Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 25-35 cStMolecular Weight: 1,900-2,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 6-7Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-996Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>DMS-V05: Vinyl Terminated PDMS, 4-8 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl terminated polymers are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers.<br>DMS-V05 Properties<br>Viscosity: 4-8 cStMolecular Weight: 800 g/molWt.% Vinyl: 7-9Vinyl (eq/kg): 2.4-2.9<br></p>

<p>VDT-954: Vinylmethylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated (Pendant Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl containing copolymers are used as crosslinkers in Pt and peroxide 2-part addition cure elastomers.<br>VDT-954 Properties<br>Viscosity: 300,000-500,000 cStMolecular Weight: 225,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 1.1-1.4<br></p>

<p>DMS-H31: Hydride Terminated PDMS, 1,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Hydride terminated silicones are chain extenders for vinyl-addition silicones, enabling low-viscosity, high elongation formulations. They are also intermediates for functionally terminated silicones.<br>DMS-H31 Properties<br>Viscosity: 1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 28,000 g/molWt.% Hydride: 0.007<br></p>

<p>DMS-H03: Hydride Terminated PDMS, 2-3 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Hydride terminated silicones are chain extenders for vinyl-addition silicones, enabling low-viscosity, high elongation formulations. They are also intermediates for functionally terminated silicones.<br>DMS-H03 Properties<br>Viscosity: 2-3 cStMolecular Weight: 400-500 g/molWt.% Hydride: 0.5<br></p>

<p>DMS-S12: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 16-32 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S12 Porperties<br>Viscosity: 16-32 cStMolecular Weight: 400-700 g/molWt.% OH: 4.5-7.5OH (eq/kg): 2.3-3.5<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen; Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 10-15 cStMolecular Weight: 900-1,200 g/molMol% Hydride: 45-55Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-992Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; polyMethylHydrosiloxanes, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane homopolymers are used as water-proofing agents, reducing agents and as components in some foamed silicone systems.<br>Poly(methylhydrosiloxane); Methyl hydrogen siloxane; Polysiloxanes, methyl hydrogen; Siloxanes and silicones, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 20-35 cStMolecular Weight: 1,800-2,100 g/molMol% Hydride: 100Reduces lactones to lactolsReduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, lactones, triglycerides and epoxides to alcohols with zinc hydride catalysisWith titanium tetraisopropoxide catalysis carries out reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes and the reduction of acids or esters to 1° alcoholsWith TBAF catalysis selectively reduces aldehydes over ketonesUsed to generate tri-n-butyltin hydride ‘in-situ’ and in a one-pot hydrostannylation/Stille coupling sequenceReduces esters to alcoholsExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>Pendant Functional Fluid; MethylHydrosiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated<br>MethylHydrosiloxane copolymers are the primary cross linkers for 2-part vinyl-addition silicones and intermediates for functional copolymers.<br>Hydrogen dimethicone; Dimethylhydropolysiloxane; Dimethicone/methicone copolymer; Polysiloxanes dimethyl methyl hydrogen, Hydride functional polydimethylsiloxane; Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl, methyl hydrogen<br>Viscosity: 6,000-9,000 cStMolecular Weight: 50,000-60,000 g/molMol% Hydride: 4-8Potential reducing agents in the mode of HMS-991 or HMS-995Extensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>VDT-163: Vinylmethylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer, TMS Terminated (Pendant Functional Fluid)<br>Vinyl containing copolymers are used as crosslinkers in Pt and peroxide 2-part addition cure elastomers.<br>VDT-163 Properties<br>Viscosity: 2,000,000-4,000,000 cStMolecular Weight: 425,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.04-0.08<br></p>

<p>Thermal Silicone Fluid<br>High phenyl content fluids are utilized as heat-exchange fluids, dielectric coolants, impregnants for sintered metal bearing, and base oils for high temperature fluids. Low phenyl content fluids are utilized at lower temperatures than high phenylsilicones and find extended temperature service applications as lubricating oils for critical devices such as timers and systems involving rubber, plastic and aluminum<br>mating surfaces.<br>1,1,5,5-Tetraphenyl-1,3,3,5-tetramethyltrisiloxane<br>PhenylMethylsiloxane Oligomers - Diffusion FluidsViscosity, 25 °C: 35-40 cStViscosity, 99 °C:Pour-point, °C: -35Specific gravity: 1.07Refractive index: 1.556Surface tension: 37.3Molecular Weight: 485 g/mol<br></p>

<p>PDV-1631: Vinyl Terminated Diphenylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>These fluids are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers where special thermal or optical properties are required.<br>PDV-1631 Properties<br>Viscosity: 1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 19,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.09-0.12Refractive Index: 1.465<br></p>

<p>DMS-S31: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 1,000 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S31 Properties<br>Viscosity: 1,000 cStMolecular Weight: 26,000 g/molWt.% OH: 0.1OH (eq/kg): 0.055-0.060<br></p>

<p>PDV-0541: Vinyl Terminated Diphenylsiloxane-Dimethylsiloxane Copolymer (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>These fluids are most often employed in 2-part addition cure silicone elastomers where special thermal or optical properties are required.<br>PDV-0541 Properties<br>Viscosity: 10,000 cStMolecular Weight: 60,000 g/molVinyl (eq/kg): 0.027-0.038Refractive Index: 1.430<br></p>

<p>DMS-S14: Silanol Terminated PDMS, 35-45 cSt (Telechelic Functional Fluid)<br>Terminal silanol groups render polydimethylsiloxanes susceptible to condensation under both mild acid and base conditions. They are intermediates for most room temperature vulcanizeable (RTV) condensation cure silicones. The reactivity of silanol fluids is utilized in applications other than RTVs. Low viscosity silanol fluids are employed as filler treatments and structure control additives in silicone rubber compounding. Intermediate viscosity (1,000-10,000 cSt) fluids can be applied to textiles as durable fabric softeners. High viscosity silanol terminated fluids form the matrix component in tackifiers and pressure sensitive adhesives.<br>DMS-S14 Properties<br>Viscosity: 35-45 cStMolecular Weight: 700-1,500 g/molWt.% OH: 30.-4.0OH (eq/kg): 1.7-2.3<br></p>