Microbiology/Virology

RSV604 R enantiomer is the R-enantiomer of RSV604. RSV604 is a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication inhibitor.

Ravidasvir, also known as PPI-668 and ASC16, is a second-generation, orally active, potent and selective HCV NS5A protein inhibitor.

Antituberculosis agent-8: MIC 3.53 μM vs M. tuberculosis, antifungal MIC 62.50 μM vs A. niger.

DMA-IN-1 is a DNA adenine methyltransferase (DAM) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 48 μM.

SDH-IN-3 is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor, demonstrating potent antifungal activity with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 7.2 μg/mL and an

XSJ2-46, a 5'-amino NI analog, is an antiviral agent possessing anti-Zika virus properties and demonstrates reasonable inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA

RSV L-protein-IN-3 is an inhibitor of the wild-type RSV polymerase, exhibiting an IC50 of 10.4 μM and an EC50 of 2.1 μM (against RSV), and possesses lower

RSV L-protein-IN-5 (Compound E) serves as a potent inhibitor of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), with an EC50 value of 0.1 μM.

Oxynitidine, an HBV inhibitor (ID50 = 30.8 µg/mL), effectively suppresses HBV DNA replication and may be utilized in viral infection research [1].

BRL44385 is an effective and selective inhibitor of the replication of HSV-1 and HSV2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

NK007 is a novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent with an EC 50 value of 30 nM.

RyRs activator 2: potent ranibulin receptor stimulant, 30% larvicidal activity, equals chlorfenvinphos, outperforms cyanobenzamide.

Micronomicin (Gentamicin C2b) is an antibiotic exhibiting antibacterial and bactericidal capacity.

TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide) reduces the growth performance of chickens by reducing liver index, while increasing kidney, heart and spleen index. In addition, TMTD also induces tibial chondrodysplasia (TD) by regulating the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and WNT4. As a super accelerator in rubber processing, TMTD plays an important role in the low-temperature vulcanization process and is a key pesticide in agriculture.

Antibacterial agent 93: potent aaRS inhibitor; effective against certain gram-positive and negative bacteria.

RNA polymerase II-IN-1 (19iv), an amatoxin, inhibits Pol II at 36.66 nM IC50, is more toxic to cancer cells, less to normal cells than α-Amanitin.

HIV-1 protease-IN-9 (compound 5b), a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor, exhibits strong antiviral efficacy with a dissociation constant (K_i) of 0.028 nM and a

CPFX2090, a cephalosporin antibacterial compound.

HCoV-OC43-IN-1 (Compound IV-16) serves as an inhibitor of the coronavirus HCoV-OC43, exhibiting antiviral efficacy with an EC50 of 90 nM.

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-15 (compound a), a beta-nitrostyrene derivative, acts as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CLpro), effectively inhibiting viral

MF 5137 is an effective antimicrobial agent.

4-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzene ammonium: Policresulen impurity, inhibits NS2B/NS3 protease (IC50: 0.48 μg/mL), hinders DENV2 in BHK-21 cells (IC50: 4.99 μg/mL).

Antibacterial compound 1 is an antibacterial compound.

DNA polymerase-IN-3 (Compd 5b), a coumarin derivative, demonstrates inhibitory activity against Taq DNA polymerase and has potential applications in

HIV-1 protease-IN-12 (compound 35b) serves as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.51 nM, and demonstrates efficacy against drug-

XZ426 is a potent integrase strand transfer inhibitor with anti- HIV activity .

BMS-433771 dihydrochloride hydrate is a potent oral RSV inhibitor, affects groups A & B, with a 20 nM EC50, used in respiratory disease research.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-12 (compound D026) serves as an inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting antiviral properties [1].

ELQ-596, a quinolone derivative, exhibits antimicrobial activity against several protozoan parasites, including the intraerythrocytic parasites Plasmodium and Babesia. ELQ-596 attenuates babesiosis in immunosuppressed mice [1].

ZINC475239213 acts as an inhibitor targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 N7-Methyltransferase with an IC50 value of 20 μM [1].

Rp-dGTPαS, an enantiomer of the dNTPαS nucleotide, serves as the substrate for SAMHD1, a critical regulator of cellular dNTP levels that curtails the replication of viruses (HIV-1, etc.) in CD4+ myeloid lineage and resting T cells. The SAMHD1 tetrameric complex facilitates the hydrolysis of Rp-dGQTPαS into 2'-deoxynucleosides and triphosphates [1].

Roseoflavin, a chemical analog of FMN and riboflavin that has antimicrobial activity, can directly bind to FMN riboswitch aptamers and downregulate the

Limocrocin is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase.

CDD-1845, a non-covalent, non-peptide inhibitor, exhibits potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro with a K_i value of 3 nM.

Antileishmanial agent-17, a coumarin hybrid, exhibits potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 <0.78 μM) while proving non-toxic to normal VERO cells.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-44, an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, effectively suppresses viral replication with an EC50 value of 0.6μM and exhibits negligible cytotoxicity in Calu-

ddUTP (2′,3′-Dideoxyuridine-5′-triphosphate) serves as a selective inhibitor of HIV and AMV reverse transcriptases with Ki values of 0.05 µM for HIV and 1 µM

Antibiofilm Agent-2 (Compound 4T) serves as a potent biofilm inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 3.6 μM, and impairs the quorum sensing system along with iron

3,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (3,4'-DHF) is an oral active flavonoid. 3,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (3,4'-DHF) shows antiviral activity against Influenza A virus.

Caerulomycin A (Caerulomycin) (Cerulomycin; Caerulomycin) is an antifungal compound.

4-Aminosalicylic acid hemicalcium, an orally active antibiotic, shows potential in tuberculosis research [1].

Lagociclovir valactate is a prodrug of Lagociclovir . Lagociclovir valactate is an orally active anti- HBV agent [1] .

Despropylene gatifloxacin, a metabolite of AM-1155, exhibits potent antibacterial activity and has favorable pharmacokinetics [1].

9-Deazaguanine is a nucleoside analogue exhibiting inhibitory activity against bovine purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP).

Sphynolactone-7 (SPL7) acts as an agonist for the Striga hyposensitive to light receptor 7 (ShHTL7) found in the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. SPL7 selectively targets ShHTL7 with an IC50 of 0.31 µM, demonstrating higher specificity compared to ShHTL2-6, ShHTL9-10, and the strigolactone receptor AtD14 at a concentration of 10 µM, though it still inhibits ShHTL8 and ShHTL11 with IC50s of 1.2 and 7.8 µM, respectively. This compound triggers fatal germination of Striga hermonthica seeds in the absence of a host by inducing suicidal germination at a minimum effective concentration of 10 fM. Additionally, SPL7 can reduce the emergence of this obligate parasite from the soil and alleviate Striga hermonthica-induced senescence in maize when applied at a 10 nM concentration to the soil of maize and Striga hermonthica seed co-cultures.

Compound 5k (Antiproliferative Agent-18) is an antiproliferative agent that exhibits moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities [1].

SCH-538415: Microbial acyl carrier protein synthase inhibitor, IC50 4.19µM; anti-Staphylococcus aureus.

HBV-IN-30, a flavone derivative, inhibits cccDNA in HBV research.

PTC258 is a specific, orally active modulator of the splicing of the Elongator complex protein 1 gene (ELP1), enhancing its expression both in vitro and in vivo

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent-3 is an antiprotozoal agent.

NEU-730, a novel inhibitor of TbrPDEB1, shows modest inhibition of T. brucei proliferation.

Besifovir Dipivoxil maleate, an oral HBV prodrug (LB80380), suppresses HBV DNA in naive and lamivudine-resistant CHB cases.

5'-Ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (EdC) functions as a nucleoside analog effectively inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) KOS strain with an ID50 of 0.2 μg/mL. Additionally, it decreases virus-induced cytopathogenic effects in PRK cells for HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus strains, demonstrating MIC values between 0.2 to 5 μg/mL. EdC acts as a thymidylate synthetase inhibitor, selectively impacting the DNA incorporation rates of [1',2'-3H]deoxyuridine compared to [CH3-3H]deoxythymidine in PRK cells with ID50s of 3 and 120 μg/mL, respectively. It further inhibits thymidine synthetase and curtails L1210 cell proliferation, a process reversible by deoxythymidine (ID50s are 4.4 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively). Also, EdC is utilized in monitoring DNA synthesis and cellular replication through click chemistry conjugation, linking its ethynyl group with the azido group of various fluorochromes.

SARS-CoV-2/MERS Mpro-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.21 and 0.07 µM, respectively.

Antiviral agent 27 (Compound 12) exhibits significant activity against the Ebola virus, with an EC50 value of 14 nM [1].

NIK-250 is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. NIK250 could reverse multidrug resistance in human glioma cells.

Azaconazole, an agricultural fungicide, is used for controlling powdery mildew on crops and bean rust.

Berlopentin is splenopentin analog used to treat HIV-positive patients. It also has immunostimulatory properties.

S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of SAH into adenosine and homocysteine. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of SAH within cells, thereby increasing the SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) ratio and subsequently inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferases. (−)-Neplanocin A, a potent and irreversible inhibitor of SAH hydrolase (Ki= 8.39 nM), exhibits significant antitumor activity against mouse leukemia L1210 cells and holds broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Its efficacy notably surpasses that of the reversible inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin, especially in combating vesicular stomatitis, evidencing a higher potency with ID50 values of 0.07 μg/ml for Neplanocin A versus 0.3 μg/ml for 3-deazaneplanocin.

Annamycin, a semi-synthetic doxorubicin derivative, binds DNA, blocks topoisomerase II, and evades MDR, inhibiting DNA/RNA/protein synthesis.

D1N52 is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, demonstrating an inhibitory concentration half-maximal (IC50) value of 0.53 μM [1].

GSK-3532795: a broader-spectrum HIV-1 maturation inhibitor than bevirimat, effective in vitro and clinically.

DGKα-IN-8 (Example 51) is a potent diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 22.491 nM and an EC50 of 0.256 nM.

AG 85 is a major secretion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Avarol triggers cell death in pancreatic cancer and is a non-toxic, neuroprotective AChE inhibitor for Alzheimer's.

(±)9(10)-DiHOME, the diol derivative of (±)9(10)-EpOME—a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as leukotoxin—is formed through the action of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neutrophils. It exhibits toxicity towards Sf21 cells expressing sEH as well as tolacZ-expressing control cells, differing from leukotoxin which only harms sEH-containing cells. Furthermore, combined exposure to 9(10)- and 12(13)-DiHOME leads to cell death in rabbit renal proximal tubule cells by disrupting mitochondrial respiration, and causes lung injury, respiratory distress, and mortality in mice, highlighting its role as a toxic lipid mediator. Specifically, 9(10)-DiHOME has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe and often deadly complication in patients with major burns. Elevated levels of this compound have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of women, but not men, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and its levels are also increased in patients with allergic asthma, indicating its significance in respiratory conditions.

Antifungal agent 49 (Example 112) exhibits activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 49 μM [1].

1R-cis-Permethrin, an insecticide and neurotoxin, acts on neuron membranes by extending the activation of sodium channels [1].

DprE1-IN-9 (compound B18) is an efficient reversible inhibitor of DprE1, interacting with the enzyme's receptor cavity.

Pen is an oral cancer drug that blocks DNA synthesis by inhibiting key enzymes and integrating into DNA.

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-IN-1 is an inhibitor of bacterial aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS).

FAICAR (5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide), a purine nucleotide, plays a crucial role in metabolic processes.

DDD85646 is an inhibitor of T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase with a Ki of 1.44 nM, an IC50 of 2 nM and an EC50 of 2 nM. The IC50 of hNMT is 4 nM.

ThrRS-IN-3: Potent inhibitor of Salmonella enterica ThrRS, IC50 = 19 nM, Kd = 34 nM, with antibacterial effects.

ALS-8112 is a inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase. The 5'-triphosphate form of ALS-8112 inhibits RSV polymerase (IC50: 0.02 μM).

Icofungipen is an oral antifungals with active against Candida species.

NVS-SM2 boosts SMN2 splicing, enhances exon 7 inclusion, and raises SMN protein levels orally.

WRN Inhibitor 1 (example 7) is an inhibitor of the Werner Syndrome ATP-dependent helicase enzyme (WRN), selectively targeting its helicase domain.

Antileishmanial agent-16 (compound 14c), an anti-Leishmania agent, exhibits potent activity against Leishmania major promastigotes (IC50 = 0.59 µM) and

1,8-Dichloroanthraquinone, a derivative of anthraquinone, effectively inhibits sulfide production in sulfate-reducing bacteria [1].

Compound 158 (6c), a Micrococcin analogue, serves as an antibacterial agent effective against impetigo and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) [1].

Cladosporin, from Cladosporium cladosporioid fungus, halts dermatophyte growth on agar at 75 μg/mL.

Tuberculosis inhibitor 7 (compound 2d), a 3-methoxy-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivative, exhibits potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and

GSPT1 degrader-2 is a potent degrader of GSPT1 [1].

MsbA-IN-6: potent antibiotic, hinders MsbA in gram-negative bacteria, kills E. coli, effective on drug-resistant strains.

AB-836, an orally active hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid inhibitor, hampers viral replication by engaging with the HBV core protein.

AU1235 is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitor.

A 33853 is an antibiotic isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp.

Beta-gal-nonoate, a β-galactosidase dependent nitric oxide (NO) donor, releases NO upon activation by β-galactosidase. It exhibits bactericidal activity, thus serving as an effective bactericide [1].

Antibacterial compound 2 is a potent antimicrobial agent effective against many human veterinary pathogens, inhibiting multi-drug resistant staphylococci,

Anti-MRSA Agent 8 (Compound 7g), a derivative of DAPG, exhibits potent antibacterial properties by interacting with bacterial cell membranes and is useful for

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of the 3CL protease pair and has shown research potential for SARS-CoV-2 disease.

Hinokinin (Cubebinolide), a bioactive lignan, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities.

DXR inhibitor 11a, with an IC50 of 0.11 µM, effectively inhibits P.

Palinavir is an antiviral, it inhibits HIV-1 protease.

MOMA-341, ATP-competitive WRN allosteric inhibitor (Cys727 site), induces DNA damage and tumor regression in dMMR/MSI-H models, for solid tumors.

Potent anti-MRSA compound, MIC50: 0.38 μg/mL, minimal hERG activity (IC50: 40 μM), low toxicity, and resistance unlikely.