Microbiology/Virology

SCH-538415: Microbial acyl carrier protein synthase inhibitor, IC50 4.19µM; anti-Staphylococcus aureus.

RSV L-protein-IN-5 (Compound E) serves as a potent inhibitor of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), with an EC50 value of 0.1 μM.

Streptovitacin A boosts growth inhibition against fungi.

Antibiofilm agent-9 (Compound 4), a derivative of pyrrolnitrin, exhibits antimicrobial activity. It inhibits Bacillus anthracis with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.031 μg/mL. The compound demonstrates significant antibiofilm activity, achieving an inhibition rate of 84% after 24 hours at a concentration of 8.0 μg/mL. Additionally, Antibiofilm agent-9 shows favorable pharmacokinetic properties in mouse models.

Oxynitidine, an HBV inhibitor (ID50 = 30.8 µg/mL), effectively suppresses HBV DNA replication and may be utilized in viral infection research [1].

Debrisoquin (Isocaramidine) is a TMPRSS2 inhibitor that prevents SARS-CoV-2 from entering human lung cells through TMPRSS2-dependent pathways, exhibiting an

ELQ-596, a quinolone derivative, exhibits antimicrobial activity against several protozoan parasites, including the intraerythrocytic parasites Plasmodium and Babesia. ELQ-596 attenuates babesiosis in immunosuppressed mice [1].

5'-Ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (EdC) functions as a nucleoside analog effectively inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) KOS strain with an ID50 of 0.2 μg/mL. Additionally, it decreases virus-induced cytopathogenic effects in PRK cells for HSV-1, HSV-2, and vaccinia virus strains, demonstrating MIC values between 0.2 to 5 μg/mL. EdC acts as a thymidylate synthetase inhibitor, selectively impacting the DNA incorporation rates of [1',2'-3H]deoxyuridine compared to [CH3-3H]deoxythymidine in PRK cells with ID50s of 3 and 120 μg/mL, respectively. It further inhibits thymidine synthetase and curtails L1210 cell proliferation, a process reversible by deoxythymidine (ID50s are 4.4 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively). Also, EdC is utilized in monitoring DNA synthesis and cellular replication through click chemistry conjugation, linking its ethynyl group with the azido group of various fluorochromes.

Bassianolide, a cyclodepsipeptide insecticide produced by the fungal species B. bassiana and V. lecanii, demonstrates significant biological activity. Upon oral administration, it induces atony in B. mori silkworms at a concentration of 4 ppm and becomes lethal when concentrations exceed 8 ppm. Remarkably, atony in silkworm larvae can also be triggered by doses as low as 2 µg/larva. Further studies reveal that bassianolide (0.01-1 µM) specifically targets muscarinic receptors to inhibit contractions in isolated guinea pig smooth muscle tissue, elicited by acetylcholine, without affecting nicotinic receptor-induced contractions.

Deacylketoconazole (Deacyl ketoconazole) is a Ketoconazole derivative and is also an antifungal agent.

9-Deazaguanine is a nucleoside analogue exhibiting inhibitory activity against bovine purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP).

Δ2-transEicosenoic acid, an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid, emerges as a by-product during the synthesis of Δ2-ciseicosenoic acid, which along with its salts, shows promise in diabetes treatment and lipid metabolism enhancement. Additionally, the compound 2-octadecenoic acid is recognized for its ability to enhance liver function and reduce blood sugar levels in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (Methyl 5-Bromoanthranilate) is an HCV NS5b RNA polymerase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity.

HIV-1 inhibitor-10 is a nanomolar HIV-1 maturation inhibitor.

Brevicompanine B: fungal metabolite, regulates plant growth/circadian rhythm, inhibits Arabidopsis roots, affects gene transcription, anti-P. falciparum.

Photosensitizer-1 shows promise in treating infections, effective against S. aureus in mouse wounds.

U 104489 (PNU-104489) is a novel specific inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), showing effective activity against BHA-P-resistant HIV-1MF.

RO-7 is a next-generation polymerase (PA) endonuclease influenza A and B viruses inhibitor.

Sterculic acid methyl ester, an ester derivative of sterculic acid known for inhibiting Δ9 desaturase, has been found to adversely affect and exhibit toxicity towards R. opacus bacteria at a concentration of 0.75 mM. It not only hampers bacterial growth but also modifies fatty acid composition by reducing stearate and oleate levels, increasing the palmitate ratio, and decreasing overall fatty acid content at 0.25 or 0.5 mM concentrations. Additionally, at 50 ppm, Sterculic acid methyl ester enhances the tumor growth-promoting effects of aflatoxin Q1 in rainbow trout, indicating a synergistic interaction between the two compounds. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1236]

5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate blocks GAR & AIR transformylase; used as an anti-purine drug.

Laxifloran possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Cytarabine 5′-monophosphate (ara-CMP), an active metabolite of the nucleoside analog cytarabine formed by deoxycytidine kinase, is incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase α, significantly slowing DNA synthesis. It inhibits nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication in S. cerevisiae at 15 mM and improves survival in an L1210 murine leukemia model at 3.5-75.1 mg/kg.

Compound 6k, also known as Anti-hepatic fibrosis agent 2, is an orally active inhibitor of the COL1A1 enzyme and exerts anti-fibrogenic effects by targeting the

Compound 17b, an amino alcohol-quinoline, targets Pf3D7 (IC50: 14.9 nM) and PfW2 (IC50: 11 nM) with selectivity index >770.

TAS-114 is a dUTPase and DPD inhibitor that modulates catabolic pathways to improve systemic availability of 5-FU.

WRNA10 is a potent binding agent for HIV-1TAR RNA (IC50: 10 μM, CC50: 40 μM).

DprE1-IN-9 (compound B18) is an efficient reversible inhibitor of DprE1, interacting with the enzyme's receptor cavity.

Alteconazole is an antifungal drug.

Orysastrobin, a "quinone outside inhibitor" (QoI) fungicide, demonstrates outstanding efficacy in controlling rice leaf and panicle blast as well as sheath

ST-148 maleate, a potent and orally active DENV inhibitor, exhibits antiviral efficacy with low cell toxicity. It disrupts the interaction between lipid droplets and the C protein, inhibiting viral replication. [1]

Peptide 46 is a short peptide that inhibits SC-dependent DNA synthesis by targeting the bacterial sliding clamp (SC).

L-689502 is a potent HIV-l protease inhibitor (IC50: 1 nM).

Berkeleylactone E, a macrolide antibiotic [1], exhibits antimicrobial properties.

HIV-1 protease-IN-8 (compound 34b) is a potent inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease enzyme, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.32 nM.

AB-836, an orally active hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid inhibitor, hampers viral replication by engaging with the HBV core protein.

HCV-IN-44 (compound 28) is an inhibitor of the HCV NS5B protein, efficacious in suppressing HCV virus replication and useful for researching HCV infection [1].

Zndm19 is an inhibitor of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), utilized in researching drug-resistant bacterial infections [1].

Antifungal agent 49 (Example 112) exhibits activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 49 μM [1].

CcpA-IN-1 is a Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic exhibiting significant bactericidal activity (MICs=460 nM) [1].

Berlopentin is splenopentin analog used to treat HIV-positive patients. It also has immunostimulatory properties.

Compound 5k (Antiproliferative Agent-18) is an antiproliferative agent that exhibits moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities [1].

Compound 8h, also known as SARS-CoV-2-IN-43, is a powerful inhibitor effective in obstructing the replication of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting significant antiviral

Nilofabicin (CG-400549) is a potent inhibitor of enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase fall(FabI) and can be used in studies about the treatment of complicated

I-XW-053 is an inhibitor of capsid targeted HIV-1 replication using the hybrid structure based method to block the interface between CA N-terminal domains (NTD-

Limocrocin is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase.

Prochloraz manganese, an antifungal agent utilized in the agricultural sectors [1], serves to protect crops by inhibiting fungal growth.

NSC309401 is an E. coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 189 nM and a dissociation constant (Kd) of 14.57 nM [1].

SARS-CoV-2-IN-69 (Compound 7E) is a potent, non-covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) with an EC50 of 7.4 μM and also inhibits the papain-

AG 85 is a major secretion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Compound 158 (6c), a Micrococcin analogue, serves as an antibacterial agent effective against impetigo and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) [1].

1,8-Dichloroanthraquinone, a derivative of anthraquinone, effectively inhibits sulfide production in sulfate-reducing bacteria [1].

AS-2077715, an antifungal agent, exhibits inhibitory activity against Trichophyton species and is derived from the fermentation broth of Capnodium sp. 339855. It is utilized in the study of fungal infections [1].

SLU-10482, an antiparasitic agent, effectively reduces C.

GSK-3532795: a broader-spectrum HIV-1 maturation inhibitor than bevirimat, effective in vitro and clinically.

12R-LOX-IN-1 (Compound 4a), with an IC50 of 28.25 µM, is an inhibitor of 12R-LOX.

1R-cis-Permethrin, an insecticide and neurotoxin, acts on neuron membranes by extending the activation of sodium channels [1].

hDHODH-IN-1 is an inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) with an anti-inflammatory effect.

Pexiganan acetate (MSI 78), a 22-residue peptide analogue of magainin 2, disrupts bacterial membranes or walls, leading to antibacterial activity.

Quorum Sensing-IN-2 (compound 23e) is a quorum sensing inhibitor that curtails bacterial pathogenicity without impeding growth.

Aranciamycin (Compound 1), an anthracycline antibiotic, exhibits collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 3.7*10^-7 M) and can inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor cells

HBV-IN-41 (compound 45) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), exhibiting an EC50 value of 0.027μM [1].

FAICAR (5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide), a purine nucleotide, plays a crucial role in metabolic processes.

AB131, an inhibitor of MSMEG 6649 and Rv2172c (KD values of 0.16 and 0.02 μM, respectively), enhances the antimycobacterial efficacy of the antitubercular agent

Yimitasvir diphosphate, also known as Emitasvir, is an orally-administered inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A).

A 33853 is an antibiotic isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp.

Zika virus-IN-2 (Compd 3) is a Zika virus inhibitor (EC 50= 7.4 μM).

(±)9(10)-DiHOME, the diol derivative of (±)9(10)-EpOME—a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as leukotoxin—is formed through the action of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in neutrophils. It exhibits toxicity towards Sf21 cells expressing sEH as well as tolacZ-expressing control cells, differing from leukotoxin which only harms sEH-containing cells. Furthermore, combined exposure to 9(10)- and 12(13)-DiHOME leads to cell death in rabbit renal proximal tubule cells by disrupting mitochondrial respiration, and causes lung injury, respiratory distress, and mortality in mice, highlighting its role as a toxic lipid mediator. Specifically, 9(10)-DiHOME has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a severe and often deadly complication in patients with major burns. Elevated levels of this compound have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of women, but not men, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and its levels are also increased in patients with allergic asthma, indicating its significance in respiratory conditions.

Abetimus (LJP 394 free base), an immunosuppressant composed of four double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotides, can crosslink anti-dsDNA antibodies on B cell

Lagociclovir valactate is a prodrug of Lagociclovir . Lagociclovir valactate is an orally active anti- HBV agent [1] .

HCoV-OC43-IN-1 (Compound IV-16) serves as an inhibitor of the coronavirus HCoV-OC43, exhibiting antiviral efficacy with an EC50 of 90 nM.

AZ-27 is a respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor which differentially inhibits different polymerase activities at the promoter.

T145 halts key bacteria growth at sub μg/ml, deters resistance, and may enhance drug lifespan.

Ulonivirine is an orally active non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that exhibits high antiviral activity and can be used to study HIV-1 infection.

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-15 (compound a), a beta-nitrostyrene derivative, acts as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CLpro), effectively inhibiting viral

Cladosporin, from Cladosporium cladosporioid fungus, halts dermatophyte growth on agar at 75 μg/mL.

Antifungal agent 77 (Compound 13h) exhibits not only antifungal properties, but also effective insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa

Zika virus-IN-3 (Compd 7) is a Zika virus inhibitor, with an EC 50 of 3.4 μM [1].

Ent-Entecavir, an enantiomeric impurity of Entecavir (an oral HBV drug), inhibits HBV replication as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

Mansonone F is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with cytotoxic and topo inhibitory potencies.

3β-Hydroxy-hop-22(29)-ene is a potent antiparasitic compound demonstrating moderate efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana.

RAD51-IN-4, a potent RAD51 inhibitor, may be useful in researching mitochondrial defect-related conditions.

DNA polymerase-IN-3 (Compd 5b), a coumarin derivative, demonstrates inhibitory activity against Taq DNA polymerase and has potential applications in

Myxopyronin A is an inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase.

SARS-CoV-2/MERS Mpro-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.21 and 0.07 µM, respectively.

U 89360E is a peptidic inhibitor.

S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of SAH into adenosine and homocysteine. Inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of SAH within cells, thereby increasing the SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) ratio and subsequently inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferases. (−)-Neplanocin A, a potent and irreversible inhibitor of SAH hydrolase (Ki= 8.39 nM), exhibits significant antitumor activity against mouse leukemia L1210 cells and holds broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Its efficacy notably surpasses that of the reversible inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin, especially in combating vesicular stomatitis, evidencing a higher potency with ID50 values of 0.07 μg/ml for Neplanocin A versus 0.3 μg/ml for 3-deazaneplanocin.

AZD-7295 (A-689) is an NS5A inhibitor that may be used to treat HCV infection.

Mpro 61 is a potent non-covalent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Antiproliferative Agent-33 (Compound 2g) serves as an anti-proliferative, antifungal, and antibacterial agent, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-

Cytidine 3'-monophosphate, a ribonucleotide, results from the hydrolysis of cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate via RNase—a process that cytidine 3'-monophosphate itself inhibits. Additionally, it can be dephosphorylated to cytidine by 3'-nucleotidase.

Chitin Synthase Inhibitor 14 (compound 4n), a potent chitin synthase (CHS) inhibitor, exhibits antifungal activity and is effective against drug-resistant

SARS-CoV-2-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Mpro(SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV Mpro and MERS-CoV Mpro with IC50s of 0.67, 0.90 and 0.58 μM, respectively).

L 680833 is an orally active monocyclic beta-lactam human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase inhibitor.

Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) shows antibacterial activities against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90 = 0.03mg/ml).

Annamycin, a semi-synthetic doxorubicin derivative, binds DNA, blocks topoisomerase II, and evades MDR, inhibiting DNA/RNA/protein synthesis.

NSC 288387, a pan-flavivirus MTase inhibitor, binds to the SAM-binding pocket and effectively inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV) with an IC50 of 0.2 μM, also preventing

RSV L-protein-IN-2 (Compound A), a noncompetitive inhibitor of the RSV polymerase (IC50: 4.5 μM), exhibits antiviral activity against long RSV strains (EC50: 1.

Votoplam functions as a gene splicing modulator, employed in the inhibition of Huntington's disease [1].

ISPA-28: reversible PSAC antagonist via direct CLAG3 binding.