Toxicology

<p>Applications 2-(2-Fluorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic Acid is used as a reactant in the preparation of substituted azoles as hepatitis C virus inhibitors.<br>References Hewawasam, P., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. 546 pp. (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Jacaric Acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid first isolated from seeds of Jacaranda plants.<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-1-Hydroxy Mephedrone Hydrochloride is a metabolite of Mephedrone Hydrochloride (M224200), a stimulant drug related to cathinone and methcathinone. The effects of Mephedrone are reportedly comparable to those of similar drugs such as MDMA and methylone.<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the production of Zolpidem metabolites<br>References Klupsch, F., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 54, 1318 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Anxiolytic. Controlled substance (depressant).<br>References Merlo, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 24, 1759 (1974), Carrara, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 335 (1978), Marcucci, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1470 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-Piperazinyl)-phenol Dihydrochloride, is used to prepare nonpeptidic biaryl inhibitors of human cathepsin K in relation to treatment of osteoporosis. It is also used to synthesize serotonin transporters/histamine H3 receptors.<br>References Robichaud, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 3709 (2003); Keith, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 702 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Efaveirenz N-β-Glucoronide-Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of (S)-Efavirenz N-β-D-Glucuronide, the N-glucuronide derivative of (S)-Efavirenz (E425000); a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Used for the preparation of heterocyclic sulfonamide compounds as Edg-1 antagonists useful in the treatment of cancer.<br></p>

<p>Applications alpha-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid containing a-linolenic acid.<br>References Hanus, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3032-3034 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Verazide is derived from Isoniazid (I821450), which is an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis. Metabolized by hepatic N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to form hepatotoxins. Selectively induces expression of CYP2E1. Reversibly inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities, and mechanistically inactivates CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 at clinically relevant concentrations. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Brewer, G.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 183 (1977), Weber, W.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 4, 401 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-Ethylpropyl)-2,4-dihydro-4-[4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Deshydroxy Posaconazole Impurity (A6480252), which is a 2,2,5-tetrahydrofuran regioisomers of SCH 51048 (A648025) that exhibit antifungal activity.<br>References Lovey, R.G.; et al.: Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett, 12, 1739 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isodecyl Daptomycin is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus. Daptomycin disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987);Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Chloro-6-(chloromethyl)benzene-1,2,4,5-d4 is an isotope-labeled analog of 4-Chlorobenzyl Chloride (C364730), which is a benzylchloride derivative used in the preparation of various biologically active compounds such as bronchodilators and antibacterial agents.<br>References Adams, M. et al.: Synth. Comm., 29, 2419 (1999); Foroumadi, A. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 30, 138 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled d3; 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-dioxo-2-methylnaphthalene-d3; (Vitamin K3), precursor to various types of Vitamin K. Used as a micronutrient for livestock and pet foods.<br>References Sakamoto, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2955 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Hu, W., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 398, 245 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Dapoxetine (D185700). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).<br>References Feret, B., et al.: Formulary, 40, 227 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is metabolized from Testosterone (T155000) in the liver and is used in doping analysis to detect testosterone misuse. Controlled Substance.<br>References Park, J., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 66 (1990),; Palonek, E., et al.: J. Steroid Mol. Biol., 55, 121 (1995); Aguilera, R., et al.: Clin. Chem. 47, 292 (2001); Flenker, U., et al.: Steroids, 73, 408 (2008); Saudan, C. et al.: Steroids, 70, 179 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Carisoprodol-d7 (iso-propyl-d7) (CAS# 1218911-01-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound. As a deuterated drug analog, this compound can be used for inter-patient variability.<br>References Gant, T., et.al., U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ., 28,(2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Bromotoluene-d3 is isotopically labelled form of 4-Bromotoluene (B688235), which is used as a reagent in the preparation of aromatic diselenides that are useful for generating anticancer lead compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rizvi, M.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 3440 (2014); Leung, C., et al.: Angew Chem., Int. Ed., 52, 766 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Bromopropionic-2,2,3,3-d4 Acid is the labeled analog of 3-Bromopropionic acid (B687705). 3-Bromopropionic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of nitrogen containing diselenides which exhibit antioxidant activity. Also used as a reagent in the synthesis of indolin-2-one-based multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.<br>References Nascimento, V., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 87, 131 (2014); Zhang, L., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 82, 139 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethyl Nafcillin Sodium Salt is derived from (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (A618895), which is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.<br>References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sericic acid is an antioxidant, PDE4A inhibitor, antiinflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desdecanoyl, N-(3-Hydroxy-6-dodecanoyl) Daptomycin is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methylisoamylamine is a reagent used in the synthesis of hepatitis C polymerase inhibitors.<br>References Cheng, C. et al: Bioorg.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aztreonam<br>Applications Ethanol Ring-opened Aztreonam is an Aztreonam (A965200) in-house impurity 1. Aztreonam is the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),<br></p>