Toxicology

<p>Impurity Tenofovir Impurity<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An impurity of Tenofovir (T018500). Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent.<br>References Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Iprovalicarb is a systematic fungicide. Iprovalicarb is used for the control of pathogenic fungi from the oomycetes class in grapes, potatoes, tomatoes and other crops.<br>References Stubler, D. et al.: Pflanzensch.-Nach. Bay., 52, 33 (1999); Stenzel, K. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pests Dis., 2, 367 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Febuxostat 67M-1 is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and also used to reduce the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.<br>References Du, J., et al.: Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics, 4, 1395 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nifluridide also known as L-27 reduces the growth and metastasis of MCF-7 tumor cells in xenografts models and thus may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast and other types of cancer. A potential KGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Nifluridide is also used in several pesticidal and insecticide compositions.<br>References Kesinger, J. W., et al.: Anticancer Res., 35, 47 (2015); Borth, P. W., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 79, 1632 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications Resazurin derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Hydroxynitrofen, can be used for the synthesis of three major ring-hydroxylated metabolites of Diclofop-methyl, acting as herbicide.<br>References Tanaka, F. S., et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 38, 553 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications Vegita is a metabolite of fungicide maneb (M163500).<br>References Garcinuno, R., et al.: J. Chromat. A, 1043, 225(2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (cas# 543739-84-0) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications CK 1827452 is a promising new drug in systolic heart failure. It accelerates the transition of myosin into the force-generating state without affecting cardiac myocyte calcium homeostasis. CK 1827452 increases cardiac function by increasing the duration of ejection without changing the rates of contraction.<br>References Meijs, M. et al.: Eur. J. Heart. Fail., 14, 232 (2012); Malik, F. et al.: J. Mol. Cell. Card., 51, 454 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-6-Hydroxywarfarin is the S-enantiomer of the 6-hydroxyl metabolite of Warfarin (W498500).<br>References Wong, Y.W.J. et al.: Pharm. Res., 6, 982 (1989); O'Reilly, R.A. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 51, 656 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. Intermediate in the preparation of Epostane (E588850).<br></p>

<p>Applications Perampanel-d5, is the labeled analogue of Perampanel (P285520), an antiepileptic drug.<br>References Shih, J., et al.: Therap. Clinical Risk Management, 9, 285 (2013); Rogawski, M. A., et al.: Epilepsy Curr., 11, 56 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Clopidogrel.<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of labelled Calindol<br></p>

<p>Applications Prasugrel is a platelet inhibitor that reduces aggregation of platelets by being a P2Y12(ADP receptor) inhibitor.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fensulfothion Sulfide is a metabolite of the insecticide fensulfonthion (F265490), an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Solly, S.R.B., et al.: New. Zea. J. Agri. Res., 14, 88 (1971); Hansch, C., et al.: Biochem. Toxicol. Insectic. Proc., 33 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Applications Monosodium Acid Methane Arsonate Sesquihydrate is an environmental toxic compound. It also functions as a commonly used herbicide for weed control in grass.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Matteson, A. R., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 43, 379 (2014); Lee, J. S., et al.: Hamilton &amp; Hardy's Industrial Toxicology (6th Edition), 45 (2015); Rosen, B. P., et al.: Proceedings of the International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, 5th, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 309 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimethachor CGA 369873 is a metabolite of Dimethachlor (D460273), which is a pesticide which has been detected in agricultural soil runoff.<br>References Zajicek, A., et al.: Water Sci. Tech., 77, 1879 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Antihypertensive.<br>References Demolis, P., et al.: Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol., 8, 80 (1994), Vandenburg, M.J., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 265 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope Labelled Asenapine N-β-D-Glucuronide (A788005). Asenapine N-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Asenapine (A788000).<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexanoyl-d11 Glycine is labelled Hexanoyl Glycine (H281200) which is an acylaminoacid derivative as antipsychotic drug.<br>References Willard, H., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 65, 690 (1980), Huang, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., 298, 264 (2001), Reihl, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 39809 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4’-epi-Entecavir is an epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Iprodione. Fungicide.<br>References Lacroix, L., et al.: Phytiatr.-Phytopharm., 23, 165 (1974), Brenneman, T.B., et al.: Plant Dis., 71, 546 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications A tryptamine derivative; shows α-adrenolytic activities.<br>References Ishida, Yukio., et al.: Chem. Pharma. Bull., 25, 1851 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl Esomeprazole-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Methyl Esomeprazole (M304640); an impurity of Omeprazole (O635000) which a compound that binds covalently to proton pumps and inhibits gastric secretion. Also used as an antiulcerative.<br>References Muller, P., et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 33, 1685 (1983); Wallmark, B., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 778, 549 (1984); Morii, M., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 268, 21553 (1993); Ritter, M., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 124, 627 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 1,2-Phenylenediamine, an amino substituted benzene used in the manufacture of dyes. Potential use in sensitive immunosensor for cancer biomarker.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wu, Y. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 400, 2141 (2011); Du, D. et al.: Anal. Chem., 82, 2989 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-D10 is the labeled compound of Caffeine(C080100). Caffeine (Pentoxifylline EP Impurity F) is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (1,2,3). Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses. Caffeine is a non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (3).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Metoxuron is used as a herbicide.<br>References Navarro, Simon, et al.: J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 60(21), 5279-5286 (2012);Zhang, Rong, et al.: Sepu, 36(12), 1228-1237 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Amoxicillin-d4 is a labeled isomer of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy Darunavir is a metabolite of Darunavir (D193500), a novel inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease and used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Vermeir, M., et al.: Drug. Meta. Disp., 37, 809 (2009); Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003), Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005), Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea has been to study, the quantitative structure-activity relations of substituted phenylureas on the Hill inhibitory activity; Simple and rapid screening method for photosystem II inhibitory herbicides using photoautotrophically cultured plant cells with chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring.<br>References Takemoto I., et al., Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi, 9, 517-21 (1984); Yoneyama K., et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 57, 1389-90 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications PSI 7411 is used in biological studies as nucleotide analog polymerase inhibitor for hepatitis C virus QS-9851.<br>References Denning, J., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, 1201 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Endothion is an insecticide. A hazardous material.<br>References Faris, F., et al.: Agric. Res. Rev., 48, 71 (1970), Anon.: Dangerous Prop. of Ind. Mater. Rep., 13, 527 (1993), Mortensen, S. R., et al.: Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, 673 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Α labelled metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Sun, D., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 8(4), (2006), Zheng, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1942 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows antioxidant effects. Antiseptic.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 33, 214 (1987), Daood, H., et al.: Food Chem., 55, 365 (1996), Zainol, M., et al.: Food Chem., 81, 575 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E<br>Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine-13C5 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of rac Tenofovir-13C5 (&gt;90%) (T018501), which is he isotope labelled analog of Tenofovir (T018500); an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Also used as an anti-HIV agent and antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005); Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006); Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected rac Zearalenone-d6<br></p>

<p>Applications Deacetylvinblastine hydrazide sulfate salt is the sulfate salt of Deacetylvinblastine hydrazide, a cytotoxic vinca alkaloid often conjugated with folic acid to produce EC145, a novel folate-receptor targeted agent that is currently under development as an anti-cancer agent.<br>References Pribble, P. &amp; Edelman, M.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 21, 755 (2012); Reddy, J., et al.: Cancer Res., 67, 4434 (2007); Roy, M., et al.: Dev. Biol Stand., 74, 323 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Dapsone (D193250).A representative lot is 73% d8, 23% d7 and 3% d6 with no d0.<br>References Shin, I., et al.: J. App. Pharmacol., 10, 193 (2002), Bhaiya, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 215, 158 (2006), Paixao, P., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 544 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A new salt of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.<br></p>